Magnetic Resonance Imaging Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI is a procedure, in wide use since the 80s, to see the anatomy of the internal organs of the body. It is based on the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), first described in landmark papers over fifty years ago (Rabi et al. 1938; Rabi, Millman, and Kusch 1939; Purcell et al. 1945; Bloch, Hansen, and Packard 1946) (4 ). . The MRI is a valuable diagnostic and research tool with also practical applications for surgical planning and conquering diseases. This imaging procedure is painless and non-invasive although sometimes discomforting as the patient lies down in a body tube that surrounds them. For many years, closed MRI units have been the standard in helping physicians make a diagnosis. These closed MRI units featured a long tube that the patient would be placed inside during their procedure. This was often uncomfortable for many patients due to the "closed in" feeling and was especially stressful for patients who suffer from claustrophobia. The newest generation of MRI units is now open on all four sides which completely alleviates the "closed in" feeling, while still providing the physician with the most accurate information possible to aid in diagnosis (2).. A patient does not see or feel anything. A faint knocking sound may be heard as the machine processes information. Patients may choose to listen to music -- even having the option of bringing their own CDs to listen to. Most MRI procedures take less than an hour. MRI technology is based on three things: magnetism, radiofrequency and computers. The magnetic resonance machine, is a big and strong magnet. When the body is inside, every proton of the body is oriented in the same way (for instance, with the positive pole up). Water ... ...netic Resonance Imaging is one of the most accurate imaging modalities available today. It is an application of computer technology that has generated knowledge for the future and for practical application today. The field of imaging continues to expand as avidly pursued new dimensions in the acquisition of physiological and biochemical information occurs. WWW Sources 1) Principles of Functional Magnetic Resonance , http://www.mch.com/ 2) Consultants in Radiology , http://www.cirpa.com/Pages/OpenMRI.html 3) MIT Encyclopedia of Cognitive Sciences , https://cognet.mit.edu/login/?return_url=%2Flibrary%2Ferefs%2Fmitecs%2Fugurbil.html 4) Tracking Neural Pathways with MRI , https://cognet.mit.edu/login/?return_url=%2Flibrary%2Ferefs%2Fmitecs%2Fugurbil.html 5) MRI OF HIPPOCAMPUS IN INCIPIENT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE http://www.uku.fi/neuro/37the.htm

Managerial Economics

P7. 6 Optimal Input Mix. The First National Bank received 3,000 inquiries following the latest advertisement describing its 30-month IRA accounts in the Boston World, a local newspaper. The most recent ad in a similar advertising campaign in Massachusetts Business, a regional business magazine, generated 1,000 inquiries. Each newspaper ad costs $500, whereas each magazine ad costs $125. A. Assuming that additional ads would generate similar response rates, is the bank running an optimal mix of newspaper and magazine ads? Why or why not? No, the bank is not running an optimal mix of newspaper and magazine ads because the optimal combination would occur when MPn / Pn = MPm / Pm ? newspaper output: 3,000 / 500 = 6 and magazine output: 1,000 / 125 = 8. Therefore, amount spent on newspaper ads attracted 6 inquiries while amount spent on magazine ad attracted 8 inquiries. So to run an optimal mix of newspaper and magazine ads, the bank has to run more magazine ads and/ or fewer newspaper a ds. B. Holding all else equal, how many inquiries must a newspaper ad attract for the current advertising mix to be optimal? For the current advertising mix to be optimal, MPn / Pn = MPm / Pm therefore, to increase the newspaper output from 6 to 8, Find: MPn / 500 = 8 *500 ? MPn = 4,000 *500 So inquiries generated by newspaper ads would have to increase from 3,000 to 4,000. P7. 7 Marginal Revenue Product of Labor. To better serve customers interested in buying cars over the Internet, Smart Motors, Inc. , hired Nora Jones to respond to customer inquiries, offer price quotes, and write orders for leads generated by the company’s Web site. During last year, Jones averaged 1. 5 vehicle sales per week.On average, these vehicles sold for a retail price of $25,000 and brought the dealership a profit contribution of $1,000 each. A. Estimate Jones’ annual (50 workweek) marginal revenue product. oJones’ marginal revenue product can be found by the number of cars sold and the profit of each sale. MRPL = MPL * MRQ ? MRPL = (1. 5 * 50) * ($1,000) = $75,000 (Vehicles sales p/week * workweek) * (profit contribution) B. Jones earns a base salary of $60,000 per year, and Smart Motors pays an additional 28 percent of this base salary in taxes and various fringe benefits.Is Jones a profitable employee? oNo, Jones is not a profitable employee because her cost to be employed is $76,800 ($60,000 base salary + 28% of taxes and fringe benefits) and her marginal revenue product is only $75,000. Therefore, MRPL ($75,000) < PL ($76,800). This means that even though Jones brings in $75,000 additional profit it costs Smart Motors $76,800 to have her which means she brings $1,800 of marginal loss to Smart Motors. P7. 8 Optimal Input Level. Ticket Services, Inc. , offers ticket promotion and handling services for concerts and sporting events.The Sherman Oaks, California, branch office makes heavy use of spot radio advertising on WHAM-AM, with each 30-second ad costing $ 100. During the past year, the following relation between advertising and ticket sales per event has been observed: Sales (units) = 5,000 + 100A – 0. 5A2 ?Sales (units) / ? Advertising = 100 – A Here, A represents a 30-second radio spot ad, and sales are measured in numbers of tickets. Rachel Green, manager for the Sherman Oaks office, has been asked to recommend an appropriate level of advertising.In thinking about this problem, Green noted its resemblance to the optimal resource employment problem studied in a managerial economics course. The advertising/sales relation could be thought of as a production function, with advertising as an input and sales as the output. The problem is to determine the profit-maximizing level of employment for the input, advertising, in this â€Å"production† system. Green recognized that a measure of output value was needed to solve the problem.After reflection, Green determined that the value of output is $2 per ticket, the net marginal revenue earned by Ticket Services (price minus all marginal costs except advertising). A. Continuing with Green's production analogy, what is the marginal product of advertising? **Marginal Product measures additional output from one more unit of the variable input. ** oMPA = MS/MA = ? Sales (units) / ? Advertising (OR ? Q/? A) = 100 – A B. What is the rule for determining the optimal amount of a resource to employ in a production system? Explain the logic underlying this rule. The rule for determining the optimal amount of a resource to employ is: MRPA = PA (see slide 17) MPA * MRQ = PA (see slide 9) The above equation turns to: ?Q/? A * ? TR/? Q = ? TC/? A ?Q’s cancel each other out and the equation turns to: ?TR/? A = ? TC/? A This leads to Marginal Total Revenue (MTR) = Marginal Total Cost (MTC), which means the inflow = outflow. C. Using the rule for optimal resource employment, determine the profit-maximizing number of radio ads. oUsing the above equatio n MPA * MRQ = PA ? (100-A )* $2 = $100 $200-2A = $100 ? $100= 2A ? A=$50 P7. 9 Net Marginal Revenue.Crane, Poole & Schmidt, LLC, is a successful Boston-based law firm. Worker productivity at the firm is measured in billable hours, which vary between partners and associates. Partner time is billed to clients at a rate of $250 per hour, whereas associate time is billed at a rate of $125 per hour. On average, each partner generates 25 billable hours per 40-hour workweek, with 15 hours spent on promotion, administrative, and supervisory responsibilities. Associates generate an average of 35 billable hours per 40-hour workweek and spend 5 hours per week in administrative and training meetings.Variable overhead costs average 50 percent of revenues generated by partners and 60 percent of revenues generated by associates. A. Calculate the annual (50 workweek) net marginal revenue product of partners and associates. For Partners: oMRPP = MPP * MRQ ? MRPP = ($25 * 50) * ($250* 100% – 5 0%) = $156,250 (Billable hrs * workweek) * (rate billed * % overhead cost) For Associates: oMRPA = MPA * MRA ? MRPA = ($35 * 50) * ($125* 100% – 60%) = $87,500 (Billable hrs * workweek) * (rate billed * % overhead cost) Each marginal hour of effort by partner brings the firm $250 in revenue – $125 ($250 *50%) of variable costs, so a partner has a net marginal revue of $125 p/hr. ?Each marginal hour of effort by associate brings the firm $125 in revenue – $75($125 *60%) of variable costs, so a partner has a net marginal revue of $50 p/hr. Both of these reflect the marginal value of service output. B. If partners earn $175,000 and associates earn $70,000 per year, does the company have an optimal combination of partners and associates? If not, why not? Make your answer explicit and support any recommendations for change. Comparing partners marginal revenue products with their salary shows MRPP = $156,250 ; $175,000. This means that partners bring $18,750 ($175,000 -$156,250) marginal loss to the firm. oComparing associates marginal revenue products with their salary shows MRPA = $87,500 ; $70,000. This means that associates bring $17,500 ($87,500-$70,000) marginal profit to the firm. Therefore to help move the company to an optimal combination where profit is maximized, they will have to either reduce the number of partners or have a small increase in the number of associates.This can be done by expanding the number of associates until MRPA = $70,000. After this is done we can recalculate the MRPP to see if it has increased. If the new MRPP = $175,000, no other change needs to be made. Chapter 7 Power Point Problem Stereo Receivers. Do-It-Yourself, Inc. , sells budget-priced stereo receivers, in both kit and fully-assembled forms. Customers who assemble their own receivers benefit from the lower kit price of $100 per receiver. â€Å"Full-service† customers enjoy the luxury of an assembled receiver, but pay a higher price of $150 per re ceiver.Both kit and fully assembled receiver prices are stable. The company has observed the following relation between the numbers of assembly workers employed per day and assembled receiver output: Number of workersFinished receivers 00 18 214 318 420 521 A. )Construct a table showing the net marginal revenue product derived from assembly worker employment. Number of WorkersFinished receiversMarginal Product of Labor (MPL)Net Marginal Revenue Product of Labor (NMRPL) (1)(2)(3)(4) = (3) x $50 00N/AN/A 188$400 146$300 3184$200 4202$100 5211$50 B. )How many assemblers would Do-It-Yourself employ at a daily wage rate of $120? oDo-It-Yourself would employ 3 workers since from the table above, three workers NMRPL is $200 which is greater (;) than the $120 they would pay in wages. C. )What is the highest daily wage rate Do-It Yourself would pay to hire four assemblers per day? oTo hire four assemblers per day, the highest daily wage rate Do-It-Yourself should pay is $100 since thatâ€⠄¢s the NMRPL for the fourth worker. Managerial Economics Q1. In a country, the velocity of money is constant. Real GDP grows by 5% per year, the money stock by 14% per year, and the nominal interest rate is 11 per cent. What is the real interest rate? A. 1 The following is provided in the question GDP growth rate (Y)- 5% Money Stock growth rate (M)-14% Nominal Interest Rate- 11% Velocity Of Money- Constant Real Interest Rate = Nominal interest rate – Inflation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Fisher Effect By the quantity equation we have; M . V = P. YThe Quantity theory of Money assumes that V is constant and exogenous. Inflation= Change in the Money Growth- Change in the GDP Growth Using the above values Inflation= 14% – 5% = 9% Thus; Real Interest Rate = 11%- 9%= 2% Therefore the real interest rate is adjusted for inflation. Q. 2 Suppose a country has a money demand function (M/P)d = kY, where k is a constant parameter. The money supply grows by 12% per year, and real income grows by 4% per year. (a) What is the average inflation rate? b) How would inflation be different if real income growth were higher, say 6%? Explain. (c) Suppose, instead of a constant money demand function, the velocity of money in this economy was growing steadily, say by 2% per annum because of financial innovation. How would that affect the inflation rate? Explain. A. 2 The Money demand function (M/P)d = kY, where M/P = Real Money Balances k= money people wish to hold for each rupee of income and k= 1/V (a) Average Inflation Rate 12%- 4%= 8% b) If Y=6%, then Inflation is 12% – 6 %= 6% Inflation depends upon changes (in this increases) in the Money Supply and Real Income, which is given by the quantity theory of money. So if the money growth rate is greater than the real income growth rate it results in Inflation. In the (a) the money growth rate was 12% whereas real income growth rate is 4% so the Inflation rate is 8%, whereas in (b) the real income growth rate has increased to 6% and hence the inflat ion has rate has changed and decreased to 6%. c) The Velocity of money is not constant in this case as assumed in the Quantity theory of money. V=2% The Inflation would now therefore be determined as follows- Inflation rate = Change in Money Supply + Change in Velocity – Change in Real Income Inflation rate = 12% + 2% – 4%=10 % The Inflation in this case is highest and is equal to 10%, this is because the growth rate of money supply is greater than real income growth rate and also because the V is not a constant and hence the a unit of the money is being used 2% more.

The Moral Ambivalence Of Crime And Criminology - 977 Words

Crime and Criminology Essay It is common knowledge that crime exists all over the world and that justice and punishment may vary in different countries and societies. However, how justice and punishment is enforced in a society and globally is not common knowledge. Global justice refers to the belief that the world is unjust; while social justice, in a manner of speaking, refers to the fair treatment of everyone in a society.(â€Å"Social Justice†). Both social and global justice value human rights, remove inequality, and holds people accountable for fair practices.(â€Å"Social Justice†). If someone commits the same crime as another person, for example, they should receive the same punishment. That is what most people would be inclined to believe, but in the reading â€Å"The Moral Ambivalence of Crime in an Unjust Society† by Jeffrey Reiman, crime and justice is reviewed and defined in an uncommon way. Reiman discusses justice in a society where a crime was committed against him an d his wife. A visit to France should be like a dream come true, an experience of a lifetime, but for Jeffrey Reiman and his wife it was not. In the summer of 2005, they visited a town called Nice. After traveling all night, the couple picked up a car that they were leasing for the summer. Before they could lock the doors to the car or even enjoy any of the accommodations, they were victimized. There, in the city of Nice, they have a crime called vol a la portiere, â€Å"theft through the door.† This

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1413 Words

Bernie Sanders once said: For many, American Dream has become a nightmare. American Dream, a fancy term that s indicate the life that all Americans dream of. Freedom, rich, diversity of opportunity, respect, popular,... Basically a perfect ideal of life! But what happen when you reach the perfectness? Isn t the value of perfect is no more valuable anymore? And American Dream will become meaningless? Through the glass of Fitzgerald, the story The Great Gatsby has genuinely portrayed the picture of the American Dream, which also revealed the truth behind its glamorousness. The story has successfully symbolize the actual American Dream. Envy, sinful, lies, heartless, and unreachable, that s truth behind the fog and the green†¦show more content†¦The green light at Daisy s house dock is a metaphor for Gatsby s dream. The action of Gatsby hopelessly glanced toward and stretched his arm expressed his desire of reaching his dream. Green as usual, represent the darkness, evilness. E nvy, desire of society and the impossible of achieving the materialistic American Dream. The last page of the novel, where Nick Caraway expressed his felling about the reality of this world after experienced it. He says, His dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it (180). After Gatsby s dead, Nick realized how disgusting American Dream and the society are. Gatsby has followed his dream and he has found it so close, so close that it seems so far away. This quote doesn t mention anything about the green light, but it explains the meaning of the green light in a very literature way. The light behind the fog portrays such impractical dream and hope, it s also symbolize the quixotic of the existence of the American Dream. Even Gatsby, with his unbelievable passion and effort to reach his goal still never reach it! American Dream is not a goal, it s just an illusion. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. I t eluded us then, but that’s no matter-tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther†¦. And one fine The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1413 Words Everybody has dreams, and everybody must deal with reality – that is the nature of life. A dream can be defined as something imagined, an ambition or an ideal, and reality is the term assigned to all things real. Humans, by our very nature, are ambitious, ever pursuing our dreams, our deepest desires. It is the very purpose of life to make our goals our aspirations, real. Therefore it is the nature of life to live through reality and to dream. It is fitting, then, that many texts have been composed based on ‘Dreams and Reality’. ‘The Great Gatsby’, ‘Great Expectations’, ‘the talented Mr. Ripley’, and ‘Cat’s in the Cradle’ are some such texts. We all need to have dreams and goals, they give us purpose. This is evident in the†¦show more content†¦Fitzgerald also presents the rich as being immoral and wicked, and many of the rich in the novel did not work for their money. The poor, on the other hand, are portrayed as being rundown and beaten, and simply unable to get ahead despite their sincerest efforts; â€Å"One thing s sure and nothing s surer, the rich get richer and the poor get - children.† Fitzgerald stresses that unless you are born into wealth, it is virtually impossible to achieve it. Social Class, therefore, is depicted as being unavoidable, and in the novel the characters are separated by it. There are the rich, snobby members of the upper class; Tom, Daisy, Jordan, and there are the hardworking ‘chums’ of the lower class; George and Myrtle. Characterization plays an important role in the novel. Fitzgerald creates his characters to suit the very themes that he is trying to communicate. Tom, for example represents the callous, immoral nature of the very rich; â€Å"-even in college his freedom with money was a matter for reproach,† Tom is having an affair with a married woman and he carelessly flaunts this fact; â€Å"We’re getting off,† he insisted. â€Å"I want you to meet my girl.† He is also quite the liar, he has Myrtle, his mistress, convinced that he will not be able to marry her because his wife is a Catholic and will not

Free Brave New World Essays Huxley and Shakespeare

Huxley and Shakespeare Do they read Shakespeare? asked the Savage as they walked, on their way to the Bio-chemical Laboratories, past the School Library. Certainly not, said the Head Mistress, blushing. In Aldous Huxleys â€Å"Brave New World, allusions to William Shakespeare and his works emphasize the contrast between the Brave New World and the world in Shakespeares time and even the current time period. Enhancing the works meaning, the allusions and characters reactions to the allusions reveal the positive and negative aspects of our society today. The main characters in Brave New World, Lenina Crowne, Henry Foster, and Bernard Marx, live in a futuristic world where babies are mass produced in laboratories and†¦show more content†¦With little knowledge of the past, the characters only have heard vague information about worship of God, respect for Shakespeare, and psychology of Freud. Instead of God, they worship Ford partially because of his T-model and its influence on the future of technology and his existence as the spark for their world. They cannot fathom the events in Shakespeares works. For example, in Romeo and Juliet, Capulet and Lady Capulet plan Juliets marriage to Paris even though Juliet loves Romeo. Since the characters in Brave New World live in a self-satisfying world where they are promiscuous and rely on drugs like soma and mescal, they cannot relate to Shakespeare. Enhancing the meaning of the work, Huxley chooses Shakespeare--an author and playwright so well-known and influential for many centuries. Shakespeare seems so normal to us, disregarding certain details. Divided into groups including comedies, tragedies, and histories, his works touch on conflicts and romances. They address morals, values, and beliefs of the time. While many of these beliefs still hold true to people today, the world is changing. People are changing, but are scientific advances causing this change? Aldous Huxley asks his readers this as they concentrate on the descriptions in Brave New World. Are science and technology actually harming society instead of helping? Huxley forecasts the future from the experiences in his lifetime. In his writing, he reflects how society todayShow MoreRelatedThe Brave New World By Aldous Huxley952 Words   |  4 Pagesbound to be lonely†(Huxley 90), stated the savage John in Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley . In this novel, the go vernment banned all kinds of human truth like friendship, love, books, and any emotions. The citizen cannot know the truth, because if they found out the truth, they will not trust science and the government. The citizens are fed with lies in order for the government to keep them happy and distracted from the truth, but it’s not real happiness. The Resident world controller MustaphaRead MoreEssay about Use of an Outsider’s Perspective in Brave New World1532 Words   |  7 Pages Aldous Huxley uses the viewpoint of an outsider, or Savage, to give the reader different perspectives of his dystopian world in Brave New World. After traveling to the World State from the reservation, John (the savage) disagrees with the lack of intimacy, the lack of morality, and the lack of free will that he witnesses there, which shows the reader a very different side of the World State. These imperfections, along with many other factors, cause John to plunge into insanity a ndRead MoreHuxleys Writing Style1783 Words   |  8 PagesThe Writing Style of Aldous Huxley Aldous Huxley was one of the most brilliant minds of the 20th century. His intelligence is obvious to anyone who has ever read his work and seriously considered the concepts contained within them. Aldous Huxley has written everything from poetry to intellectual essays, fiction, non-fiction, scientific papers, and even accounts of psychedelic experiences. Aldous Huxley is most famous for writing Brave New World. Other prominent works include The Doors of PerceptionRead MoreA Brave New World? Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesA Brave New World? In the novel, Brave New World, by Adolous Huxley we are introduced to a world where an all-powerful government dictates the occupation, intelligence, morals, and values of an individual. The government known as the World State controls the entire process of a human, from life to death. The society is based almost solely on an consumer foundation, where making money is the sole goal of the government. Although the society is radical in its nature there are certain aspects ofRead More Allusions to the Brave New World Essays1308 Words   |  6 Pages Allusions to the Brave New World 1. Ford Henry Ford (1863-1947) revolutionized the automobile industry with the assembly line method of production, which proved very successful for 15 million Model Ts were sold. Humans were similarly produced in the Brave New World where the embryos passed along a conveyor belt while a worker or machine would have a specific task dealing with the specimen. Again, this assembly line method proved very successful. 2. Lenina Vladmir Lenin (1870-1924) foundedRead MoreJohns Character Development A Brave New World1394 Words   |  6 PagesIn Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, John’s identities are influenced by two opposite societies, and even though he tries to prove his manhood and change the framework of brave new world, he can’t gain real acceptance from anywhere. John’s mother, Linda, is from the brave new world but gave birth to him in the savage reservation and her different behaviors based on the framework of the brave new world caused John’s isolation in the savage reservation. John decides to move to the brave new world andRead MoreEssay on Brave New World-Allusions1337 Words   |  6 PagesAllusions to the Brave New World 1. Ford Henry Ford (1863-1947) revolutionized the automobile industry with the assembly line method of production, which proved very successful for 15 million Model Ts were sold. Humans were similarly produced in the Brave New World where the embryos passed along a conveyor belt while a worker or machine would have a specific task dealing with the specimen. Again, this assembly line method proved very successful. 2. Lenina Vladmir Lenin (1870-1924) foundedRead MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words   |  44 Pagesto burden her or himself with such a fat, weak, puffy, useless thing, you cry out that you are ill-treated, neglected, miserable† (271). Attention-Hungry â€Å"Then, too, existence for you must be a scene of continual change and excitement, or else the world is a dungeon: you must be admired, you must be courted, you must be flattered--you must have music, dancing, and society--or you languish, you die away†: (271). Adele Ordinary (in terms of intellect) â€Å"She had no great talents, no marked traits of character

M3 Unit 37 Free Essays

M3 the skills I need to develp are financail and accounting, Financial- The top reason why businesses go out of business is bad financial planning. All the cash flows in the wrong direction. Having worked through the dotcom boom and bust I have seen first hand what too big a budget in the wrong hands can do. We will write a custom essay sample on M3 Unit 37 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Someone needs a firm grip on the numbers and it had better be you otherwise someone might just take a trip to a tropical island at your expense. I will be devoloping this skill by finding some volantry jobs for one or two week to gain some skills so then I should be able to run my own business. The other skill that I need to develop is the ability to implement systems (such as workplace information, risk management, continuous improvement and record keeping systems) that will help my business run when I am not there. I will be doing improving this by getting a business coures for one or two weeks to learn about the systems. Imagination- Many people neglect their creative side feeling that it is better to be all about the logic, but in fact some of the most successful business people are also the most imaginative. So I need to learn this skills by talking to other people who already running a business. Problem Solving- A big part of surviving in business is about solving problems fast and effectively. An employee who is good at keeping their head in a crisis while fighting fires is a worthwhile asset to any business. I will be practising this skills by getting some work experience at different organisations to improve my skill. Rukia Sadiqi p4 – unit 36 – discribe the legal financail aspects that will affect the start-up of your business. Legal status:Legal status means the concept of companies having a particular place in the market, from this as it determines the laws which affect themThere are many types of businesses: sole trader, partnership, private limited company or franchiseSole trader: this involves one person who is the boss and the owner of the company and has unlimited liability and the examples are a builder, a window cleaner and painter etc. Partnership: This business contains tow or more people up to 20 the share between the partners doesn’t have to be 50% it can be different share amounts partners also have a unlimited liability and some example are doctors, dentists and more. The partners must have a deed of partnership which is a contract between partners which legally binds them. The strength is that the partners well get the same percentage of profit as much as they have invested into the company. Private limited company is to make money quickly the cant sell there shares to the stock market as they have a great weakness. The owners have the main control in the business normally as they control the business and the main stake holders of the business are board of directors. The biggest strength they have is that if the company goes bankrupt the owners can loose thier personal positions so they pay off depts. Franchise is when the company such as McDonalds sells the rights and the promotion to the person to user their brand and logo to sell its products, services and logos, usually in a defined area. The person that gets the rights gives royalty to the users as this will involve paying fixed fees and a percentage payment of the franchisee’s sales turnover. The main strength of this is that the business is a success and that the advertising is mainly from the franchise company so this gives advertisement for all the franchisers that own the different branches. Our business is a parivet which is made up of my self Rukia and our business is called Rakz Hair salon which is a hairdresser . I chose to run my business privitaly because I want to make money quickly and want to have the main control of my business. The biggest strength I have is that if the company goes bankrupt then I can loose my personal positions so I will have pay off depts. M3- assess the implications of the legal and financial aspects that will affect the start-up of the business. How to cite M3 Unit 37, Papers

Internet Content Regulaton

Question: Choose one ethical issue arising from the use of Social Networks (like Facebook, Twitter, etc.) that has been reported in the press in last two years, and discuss it in depth. Show why or how the technology creates or contributes to the problem. Produce an article, discussing both sides of the issue (pros and cons) drawing on both technical and philosophical literature. In addition, argue for your own view of the matter, giving your reasons for your point of view and showing why you believe that they are better than opposing views. Answer: Introduction The world today has been working on rules and laws for making everything structured and safe. With over 400 million users, Facebook has a lot of responsibility for having rules and regulations which should be followed. Similar social networks have become a band of wagon thing in the last couple of years. It is a new thing which appeals to all and it is estimated that over 47% of the adult internet users have profiles on one or the other social networking websites. With such large number of users and the information shared which these sites allow sharing, there is an increased possibility of the privacy of customers getting compromised. There have been large number of legal cases like defamation, copyright infringement, etc. over the last few years. It has led to stronger call for having stringent norms which can help in regulating the kinds of mechanisms are in place for protecting the interest of the online visitors. Internet Content Regulation Internet is a huge pool of data which is valuable and is accessed every day by millions of users across the world. These users are from all works of lives which includes governmental organizations, private users, etc. However, in the last couple of years the need and the section for censoring the internet has drastically increased. The acts like Stop Only Piracy Act (SOPA), and Protect IP Act (PIPA) are a couple of acts which were brought forward in the year 2012. There are many who believe that there is no need of regulating the kind of content online, but with increased security concerns and privacy intrusions, the need for regulating the contents and protecting data online is at its peak (LAW 2009). Below we try to analyze the different reasons as why it is important to have Internet Content Regulation. We also analyze the beliefs which propose the idea of not regulating Internet by any degree. Pros of Internet Content Regulation Terrorism: Internet serves as a platform which is widely used by terror outfits to contact each other. They even use it to manipulate and cause damage to well-known websites online. The term cyber terrorism has been quite discussed where privacy and hacking of highly confidential information online has been a concerns across the world. Therefore, when internet is regulated, it would offer ways for controlling and hence minimizing the threats which the Internet causes due to the activities of the terrorists. It would further mean that there is a stop over the contents and activities which are linked with the social unrest, as well as racial hatred among men and women. Pornography: This industry has been booming and there is no limitation of the kind of content which is being featured online, that too for free. Child Pornography has emerged as a great concern where there are people who seem to be mentally sick who come up with unwanted contents related to child pornography. Authorities have been trying to take measures and ban as well as trace these websites through public viewing. However, the major problem is that it could be viewed from a vast number of streaming porn sites which offer highly objectionable content for free. Hence, a proper regulation of the kind of contents being uploaded is critical here. Human Trafficking: Abuse of women as well as young children when it relates to human trafficking has seen a surge and is a shocking realism which the world faces today. There is no form of regulation which protects these kind of acts of violation as well as abuse online. Once it gets regulated, it would help in keeping a check of such activities and hence reducing it drastically and catching the culprits easily. Fraud as well as defamatory activities: There have been a large number of occurrences where fraud as well as defamatory activities have spread like a fire and affected businesses as well as individuals online. Once a proper regulation is in place, it would ensure that people are protected against any kind of such activities. Piracy: Online piracy has been a great issue which experts have been trying to counter. It is an activity through which free material is available without any authority and leading to effecting the owners and producers financially. Once these websites are banned or restricted, it would enable to steer the customers for buying products as well as services instead of getting them for free. Email Spamming: There are several instances where malware gets sent frequently to inbox of people and mostly due to email spamming. With Internet Content Regulation, email spamming would be put to a hold and would help in curbing the fraudulent ways in which people try to access personal information such as bank account numbers and other confidential information. Usually spammers tend to illegally use the information collected to cause damage to the individuals. Plagiarism: Plagiarism of copyright materials would be also stopped when proper regulation mechanism are in place. There are numerous illegal portals which use contents of the companies which publish their original work without giving any kind of credit to the source. Cons of Internet Content Regulation Restricts flow of information: With highly regulated environment there would be a direct restriction of the flow of information along with its exchange levels. It would lead to suppression of people from being communicative as well as expressive. It hence would change the entire scenario and way in which information has been dealt with over the years. Information would be withheld: Regulation means that there is a possibility of information being withheld from the normal public and being freely available. The information which is available at the moment is invaluable. With a policy or an act in regulation would mean that it could lead to end of the internet to the way it has been till today. Better cover up: With regulations in place, the people who are indulged in abuse as well as illicit activities would be forced to cover their tracks in a better manner and hide (UCDAVIS 2003). Increased use of proxy servers: Proxy servers and sites are freely available when certain sites are not accessible or blocked in a country or premises. Proxy servers would increase in numbers and fool the system to believe that a person is from another country by using a fake IP address which allows people to access information by use of a particular kind of a software. Conclusion Internet is a big powerhouse of information as well as visual content which are used for a range of purposes. Using these ways which arent acceptable is what makes officials and users on the edge. This forces them to come up with certain policies and acts which are there to create a frenzy. One of the worst elements of regulation is that there is no limitation to the level of tampering or the ways of intruding the existing policies. Even the moment people come up with regulations and protection mechanisms, there is a certain segment of people who find ways to tackle them and break the security. Thus Internet Content Regulation is an ongoing process which needs to be updated off and on. References LAW 2009, The Future of Internet Regulation.UCDAVIS 2003, International and National Regulation of the Internet.