Gcom 123 Study Guide Free Essays

Study Guide for GCOM 123 Students are prescribed to know this data for class tests and the last test of the year. Basics of Communication Chapter 1: Competent Communication What are the most well-known legends about correspondence? Clarify the contrasts between the three models of correspondence: straight, intelligent, and value-based. Characterize the fundamental correspondence components contained in the correspondence models (channel, sender, beneficiary, message, encode, disentangle, setting, fields of understanding, commotion, and criticism) Explain the two parts of each message: Content and relationship. We will compose a custom paper test on Gcom 123 Study Guide or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Comprehend the correspondence skill model. How might you improve your correspondence skill? What separates a helpful correspondence atmosphere from a damaging correspondence atmosphere? Part 2: Perception of Self and Others Define the perceptual procedure. What is a perceptual pattern (model, generalization, and content)? How is self-idea created (reflected examination, critical others, and society)? What are a portion of the effects on discernment (sex, culture, past encounters, disposition, and setting)? What is self-exposure? Characterize the ideas of profundity and expansiveness as far as self-revelation. What are simply the rules for offering and accepting divulgence? For what reason is proportional sharing significant? Characterize the term â€Å"self-serving bias†. What is the unavoidable outcome? What does it impact? Characterize the procedure of attribution? How does the basic attribution blunder sway able correspondence? What is sympathy? Part 3: Culture and Gender Define what culture is. Clarify how culture impacts correspondence. Characterize ethnocentrism, social relativism, and multiculturalism. Clarify the significant contrasts among individualistic and collectivistic societies. Clarify the significant contrasts between low-power separation and high force separation societies. Clarify the significant contrasts among ladylike and manly societies. How does culture impact nonverbal correspondence? Section 4: Language Explain the idea of the relationship in dialects from phonemes, morphemes, linguistic structure, and semantics. Characterize the four basic components all things considered (structure, efficiency, relocation, and self-reflexiveness). Clarify the abstracting procedure (sense understanding, depiction, surmising, and judgment). Clarify the two variants of the Sapir-Whorf theory. Clarify how suggestive significance contrasts from denotative importance. What is the distinction between a reality and an induction? What are language and code words? Section 5: Nonverbal Communication What are the contrasts among verbal and nonverbal channels of correspondence? What are the elements of nonverbal correspondence (redundancy, replacement, guideline, inconsistency, complement)? Clarify the significant sorts of nonverbal correspondence (kinesics, paralanguage, territoriality, proxemics, and haptics). Would you be able to distinguish the sort of nonverbal correspondence displayed in a model? Section 6: Listening to Others Characterize tuning in by its essential components (fathoming, holding, and reacting). What are the sorts of tuning in (instructive, basic and empathic)? What are the most widely recognized issues that foil skillful educational tuning in (conversational narcissism, serious intruding, coating over, pseudo-tuning in, and ambushing)? What are the most widely recognized audience reaction styles utilized in empathic tuning in? Relational Communication Chapter 7: Power Define power. Clarify the distinction among emphaticness and forcefulness. What are the significant force assets (mastery, authentic power, reward, discipline, individual characteristics)? How is power demonstrated in correspondence (verbally and nonverbally)? Part 9: Interpersonal Conflict Management Define struggle. Separate among dangerous and valuable clash. Characterize the three inner social arguments (transparency closedness, oddity consistency, and self-governance association). How would we address these social persuasions? Characterize the five most regular clash arrangement procedures (pleasing, abstaining from, controlling, bargaining, and working together). Gathering Communication Chapter 10: The Anatomy of Small Groups Define what a little gathering is. What are the points of interest and disservices of little gatherings? What is union? How is it created? What impact does union have on errand and social components of little gatherings? What are bunch standards? What is a little gathering job? What is the distinction among formal and casual jobs? Clarify the contrast between the three sorts of casual gathering jobs (support, task, and troublesome). What is administration? What are the various ways to deal with authority (attributes, styles, and situational)? Characterize the significant initiative styles (mandate or despotic; participative or popularity based; free enterprise, and situational). Section 11: Effective Groups Clarify the qualifications between a group and a gathering. What is conceptualizing? What is basic to its prosperity? Clarify the means in the Standard Agenda. Clarify the contrasts between the significant types of dynamic (larger part rule, minority rule, and accord). What are the advantages and detriments of agreement? What is oblivious obedience? In what capacity may oblivious obedience be kept away from? Open Speaking Chapter 12: Preparing Speeches What are the parts of crowd examination (socioeconomics, values, convictions, perspectives)? What components of discourse making are affected by crowd investigation (planning and introduction)? Characterize the broadly useful, explicit reason, and focal thought out in the open talking. What ought to be viewed as while picking a point (speaker, subject, and individual tended to)? How can one dodge literary theft? What are the sorts of supporting materials utilized in talks? What are the models for assessing supporting material? What are the essential components of a capable framework (images, rationality, fulfillment, parity, and division)? Distinguish the hierarchical example utilized in discourses (topical, spatial, causal, ordered, issue arrangement, and Monroe’s Motivated Sequence)? Section 13: Presenting Speeches What is discourse uneasiness? What are a few rules for overseeing discourse tension? What are the basic components of a discourse presentation? What are the basic components of a discourse end? What is the distinction among oral and composed styles of discourse making? What effect do different conveyance contemplations have on a group of people (eye to eye connection, vocal assortment, verbal familiarity, balance, dynamism)? Clarify the contrasts between the significant conveyance styles (original copy, remembered, spontaneous, and off the cuff). Section 14: Informative Speaking What recognized useful talking from enticing talking? What is a change? What is vital for a proper or successful oral reference? What are the kinds of visual guides that can be utilized during a discourse? What are rules for the skilled utilization of visual guides? Section 15: Persuasive Speaking Define influence. What are the essential elements of believability (capability reliability, dynamism, and poise)? Characterize the three Aristotelian methods of evidence (ethos, logos, and feeling). Recognize recommendations of reality, worth and strategy. The most effective method to refer to Gcom 123 Study Guide, Essay models

The Role That Corporate Advertising Plays In Marketing

The Role That Corporate Advertising Plays In Marketing As of late, various interior and outside powers have encouraged organizations to give expanded consideration to the job that corporate promoting plays in showcasing correspondences system. In spite of this expanded significance, a far reaching perspective on current corporate publicizing rehearses doesn't exist. Disregarding the expanded significance given to the job of corporate promoting, little has been done to give the executives an integrative perspective on the current corporate publicizing rehearses. The target of this examination is three crease: 1) to discover key issues related with corporate publicizing 2) significance of the utilization of corporate promoting in an association with regards to Singer 3) Critical audit of the center message to be utilized for Singer and blended media way to deal with perform corporate promoting. What Is Corporate Advertising? Be that as it may, with the coming of present day partnerships with numerous item as well as administration contributions, an alternate sort of publicizing has showed up, the main role being to advance the organization. Corporate, institutional, or corporate picture publicizing has been characterized with some fundamental consistency since the 1950s however has expanded to incorporate backing and issue promoting (Ewing 1982; Heath and Douglas 1986; Heath and Nelson 1985) and the present cross breed advertisements (Winkleman 1985), which mix item and friends advancement. Corporate promoting may likewise impact buyers information about items advertised by the partnership (Hartigan and Finch 1986;Winkleman 1985). Principle Types of corporate publicizing can be ordered as follows: Support publicizing Picture or Institutional publicizing Enrollment publicizing Key Issues in Corporate Advertising There are numerous capacities that corporate publicizing can perform and the majority of the organizations go through a large number of cash. In fact greater part of organizations dont realize how to do publicizing since they are being getting low outcomes from corporate promoting. A few practices stay a long ways behind their potential since promoting and publicizing are utilized erroneously. Amazingly Expensive to Do a Better Job In the current circumstance completing an effective corporate publicizing effort can be expensive on the grounds that it has numerous inbuilt parts, for example, creation, planning, and so forth. It is an extra enormous venture for the organization which won't give legitimate outcomes as the association anticipates. e.g.- In the 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup, the vast majority of the Indian organizations, numerous corporate pitched on the normal achievement of the Indian cricket crew which included amazingly costly supports, creation costs and fowrad appointments in channels and match communicates. Indias early disposal at the quarter last stage, rendered a considerable lot of the adverts unbroadcastable because of the indignation that was developed against the group. On the otherhand, these monies, whenever directed to shopper and exchange advancements, would have had a far more elevated level effect on age of deals. Believability Huge arrive at empower the association to receive the rewards of corporate publicizing. For instance a TV include probably won't arrive at the objective portion since at present individuals evade ads and they dont focus towards promotions. Just one out of five shoppers has an uplifting disposition towards promoting (InfoTrends, 2010). Additionally if the item dispersion framework isn't in accordance with the promotion (e.g, items are not accessible in those zones) itll be a gigantic money expense for the association. This procedure must be measurable and centered if an organization needs to get fruitful in corporate publicizing. This can occur because of the accompanying reasons: Associations havent took a gander at their notices from buyers perspective and didnt share their exceptional selling suggestion. Absence of thought while choosing media which implies associations accept what buyer read, watch, or tune in to is the thing that their possibilities appreciate also. Opportunity cost is high when contrasted with different mediums, for example, online life and work force selling which have enormous reach and better focusing on capacities. In opposition to mass scale promoting, social meadia llows individuals to pick the adverts that are important to them and view/investigate on the off chance that it is important to them. This additionally drives look for more data and offering to other people, regardless of whether no activity as far as buy is created. Web-based social networking has been developing at a quick pace and it can't be disregarded by associations. With Web 2.0 people get the chance to collaborate with one another about their own encounters, purchasing inclinations and so on. The association can pass on the message to many objective gatherings utilizing online life at a lower cost and in a broadly extended manner and this medium is exceptionally helpful and simple to gauge their publicizing effectiveness. Figure 1: Social Networking Growth by Worldwide Region Source: www.compete.com, 2009 Hard to Measure the Efficiency Corporate publicizing is a draw medium where association can't generally anticipate that it should convert into deals. Since cost per contact has been an issue for some associations in light of the fact that the sum they spent hasnt adequately brought about deals. There is trouble in discover where the adverts pulled in clients versus the individuals who might be pulled in by the brand it self. Vulnerability of the Situation Corporate promoting will either be useful to build the corporate notoriety or be misconstrued by the shopper which will prompt harm their picture. This can occur because of miss translation by buyers about the organization, for example, moral issues. In such circumstances organization needs to endure a colossal expense because of include withdrawal. Not Exciting, Not Addressing the Consumer Most advertisements are made on a one size fits all in this manner killing a few watchers. Corporate promoting can be imaginative and give a decent, warm inclination yet at some point it will put forth practically zero attempt to address the perusers needs. Here and there it will construct the notoriety however not bring about buying. Associations should stamp and pass on their present or wanted situation in commercials without expressing the self-evident. Significance of Corporate Advertising for Organizations and Singer As indicated by inquire about completed it is obvious that the greater part of the organizations havent distinguished the center pith of corporate promoting in light of the fact that they are captured with item publicizing. Corporate promoting should mark an organization the way that item publicizing brands an item. Advantages of Corporate Advertising in General Corporate promoting is increasingly proficient in building review for an organization name than item publicizing and production of a productive member of society picture through steady committed exertion. Visit corporate sponsors evaluated better on for all intents and purposes all mentality measures than those with low corporate advertisement spending plans Diminishing the Perceived Risk, Prompt Buying: From the past the majority of the rumored organizations marked themselves because of use of exceptionally solid notice trademarks. Those mottos have been intended to impact purchaser propensities. These sorts of corporate notices are ground-breaking than the visual item introductions as purchasers are bound to remember the well known brand messages because of steady media presentation. e.g., In Britain, Glaxo Wellcome filled TV screens in 1996 with the motto, Man has no more prominent foe than illness has no more noteworthy foe than Glaxo Wellcome. (The Economist, 1998) Dispose of Negative Perceptions: On the off chance that an organization is disliked with or misjudged by feeling formers to a degree that it hurts its business, that can be lessened through legitimate use of corporate publicizing. Articulate the Strength/Power of the Company A decent extent of spending on promoting may likewise motion toward potential clients and contenders that an organization is rich and significant. e.g., Honeywell, another American monster, has obtained GEs subject and is going to dispatch an increasingly humble $4.5m battle, demonstrating how its unremarkable scope of indoor regulators and controls contact people groups lives. (The Economist, 1998) Capacity to Generate Corporate Contacts Corporate publicizing will assist with procuring more business customer because of the prominence and notoriety of the organization. Business clients are bound to be charmed by value, item range and individual connections. Increment the Trustworthiness Corporate promoting, says its intended interest group is a lot more extensive than for ordinary buyer products publicizing. It is focused on three explicit voting public: business clients; assessment formers (financial specialists, lawmakers, activists, media) who can impact share costs or technique, and workers. Treasure auxiliaries and Enter New Markets Not exclusively to upgrade the parent organization picture, corporate publicizing can be utilized to allow or energize auxiliaries. Especially where they are occupied with assembling tasks to recognize themselves to their own clients, possibilities and other significant, nearby publics. Additionally this will empower the organization to go into new business/advertises under a similar name. Umbrella Covering By performing corporate promoting it covers all the items and administrations related with the organization and its procedure which consistently lines up with the strategic vision. e.g., General Electric burns through 40% of its $100m publicizing spending plan on this sort of corporate promoting. Its we breath life into beneficial things crusade has been running for right around 20 years. (The Economist, 1998) Upgrade the Goodwill: Corporate promotions can be utilized to communicate their altruistic, CSR and network thought which will be fit for improving their generosity. e.g., New York Toyota propelled another corporate promoting effort, featuring the companys financial effect, natural duty, and social obligation. Worked around the inquiry Why Not?, the battle will incorporate print and online advertisements, just as another TV plug coordinated by an Academy-grant winning cinematographer. (The Economist, 1998) Apply a draw for New

11 Tips for Protecting Your Data Online

11 Tips for Protecting Your Data Online 11 Tips for Protecting Your Data Online 11 Tips for Protecting Your Data OnlineIn order to keep your identity and your money safe from scams and fraudsters, you have to protect your personal info online.It seems like we can’t go more than a day without another big company admitting they’ve been the victim of a hack or leak. And if the big companies can’t seem to protect their data, what chance do you have?“In today’s data-driven landscape, your personal data is almost the most valuable thing,” warned Mathias J. Klenk, Co-founder and CEO at Passbase (@Passbase). “Stolen data can be used to create fraudulent accountsâ€"for mortgages, insurance policies, credit cards, or loansâ€"oftentimes risking the business’s reputation and security.”To some degree, using the internet at all opens you up to the risk of having your data stolenâ€"just like how leaving the house theoretically opens you up to the risk of having your wallet stolen. (And even if you don’t leave the house, someone could always try to break in. )However, much like leaving the house, going online is almost essential to surviving in our modern world. And while you can’t eliminate the risk entirely, there are many steps you can take to greatly reduce the risk of having your data stolen online.“Online security is a delicate balance between safety and ease-of-use,” explained Chris Mindel, marketing manager for Dexter Edward LLC. “One of the simplest ways to decrease your risk of being affected by data breaches is to tightly control the amount of your data that is out there.”Which brings us to our first tip to protecting your data:1. Control the data you put out.The most obvious way to keep your data from being stolen is to avoid putting it online in the first place. Obviously, you’ll need to make exceptions for ease-of-use as Mindel said, but generally there’s some info you don’t have to be quite as cautious about sharing.“Whenever a site asks you to save personal data, perform what I call the Google Test,” recommended Mindel. “Can this information be found in a Google search? Things like name, phone numbers, addresses, age, date of birth, and public email addresses can all be found by anyone using Google. So, since that info can be discovered elsewhere easily, its safe to share with an online account. If someone exposes your data in a breach, nothing new is exposed.”2. Be certain the site you’re on is the site you think you’re on.Scammers will often set up fake websites to try and fool users into giving away their information. This will often occur via email. That’s why you need to pay particular attention to the address bar in your browser before you enter your info.“To avoid any sort of malware or malicious content, it is preferable to use websites you are familiar with and or have used frequently,” advised Victor Fredung, CEO of Shufti Pro (@Shufti_Pro). “One rule of thumb to adopt is to check to see if the URL of the website you are using contains ‘http’ or ‘ https.’”In general, if you’ve received a suspicious looking email that claims to be from a company you patronize, you’re much safer just going to the site on your own, rather than clicking suspicious links. Please do not ever click suspicious links you’ve been emailed.3. Use browser security tools.If apes can use tools, surely you can as well. Perhaps even browser security tools!“Browser security toolsâ€"adblockers and script blockersâ€"will reduce the risks of malware infection via malicious ads on shady (and even regular) websites,” suggested the cybersecurity and consumer privacy experts at  VPNpro (@VPNpro). “Certain types of malware can be used to steal data from your computer or install keyloggers to breach accounts.”Of course, you’ll have to be certain that the tools you’re using aren’t malware themselves! Try to do research and find tools with many, many positive reviews before downloading and installing anything.4. Clean up your memberships and subsc riptions.If you’re savvy, you’ve probably created many accounts across the web to get bonuses for signing up with new services. If you want to be even savvier, consider deleting those accounts when you no longer need them.“Many websites prompt users to sign up for their serviceâ€"and oftentimes, users create an account for a one-time service and forget about it,” explained Klenk. “Ensure you do a quick spring cleaning to opt out of services that are no longer required.”5. Be smart about your passwords.Hopefully, your password is something harder to guess than “password123.” (Okay, it sounds like you’re quickly typing away, trying to change your password as fast as you can.) But even if it wasn’t that obvious, you can probably stand to be even safer in your password habits.“Use strong and different passwords,” urged Olga Sushko, privacy advocate at Kromtech (@kromtech). “While this recommendation may sound cliché, it is still very important. Create passwor ds that are long and contain uppercase and lowercase characters, numbers, and special symbols.Furthermore, use different passwords for all your accounts. This way, even if one of your accounts gets hacked, the attackers won’t be able to access your other accounts.If you have a hard time memorizing all your passwords?â€"?or even if you have a good memory?â€"?we recommend using a password manager (such as 1password, LastPass, or KeePass). You can create as many strong passwords as you need, change them easily and regularly, and even ‘emergency’ lock your accounts if you find you’ve been hacked.”6. Use an antivirus.What, were you planning to use a provirus? That’s madness!“Install and activate an antivirus,” recommended Sushko. “Make sure you use a reliable software solution that will notify you if you accidentally visit a risky website or start installing a malicious program.”7. Watch out for your Wi-Fi.It’s not just what you do online that matters. It’s also w here you’re going online.“Use a secure internet connection,” advised Sushko. “It is better to perform sensitive online activities, such as shopping, banking operations, business communication, and so on, from the security of your home or office Wi-Fi rather than a free public network. Unprotected Wi-Fi networks make it easy for attackers to intercept the information you submit online.”8. Do some regular check-ins.If only there was some indication that you may have been implicated in a data breach. Well, bittersweet news! There is! And not only by finding out your info has been stolen.“To take control of your digital footprint, you need to know what kind of information has been stored and compromised on,” explained Klenk. “Handy tools like BreachChecker help you run a security check to see if any account information has been compromised in a data breach.”9. Consider a VPN.Did you know what a VPN is? Well you will now!“Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) encrypt all t raffic between you and the internet,” clarified the VPNpro experts. “This is particularly important when using an unprotected wifi hotspot in some public place (such as a cafe, library, or airport).Hackers on public networks can place themselves between you and the router and steal your data in what’s known as a man-in-the-middle attack. Encryptions completely erase the risk of this happening.”10. Re-enter your credit card info each time.Is it convenient having to re-enter your credit card info every time you want to buy something? No. But it’s probably the safer option.“Dont save your credit card numbers online,” warned Mindel. “Again, most people do this for convenience sake, but it really doesnt take that long to enter the information in again. Do it enough times, and youll know the digits by heart, anyway.”11. Be social media savvy.Of all the online companies, Facebook may be the one that has given us the least reason to trust them with our data. It’s up to y ou if you want to use them and other social media sites, but if you do, you should be careful.“Dont link any accounts to your Facebook page (and remove any you can, if you already have),” urged Mindel. “Facebook relies on us being lazy and deciding to ‘log in with Facebook’ instead of taking a few moments to create a new account. This allows both parties access to all of your personal information.So, spend those extra moments, create a new account, and use a password manager to save all your information. This way, the account cannot access any private information you have on Facebook, which will prevent a cascading compromise in the event of a breach.”You should also be careful about what information you’re posting.“Always keep track of what you post online,” recommended Fredung. “Try not to overshare on social media, as fraudsters always look for personal information on online profiles to commit identity fraud.Never give out your personal details like full name (use nicknames or first name), DOB, Social Security Number, passwords, PIN numbers or any other details that may give scammers access to your online accounts.”The internet can seem like a scary place. With these tips under your belt, you should be able to brave it! To learn more about keeping your identity and your money safe from scammers, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Avoid Getting CatfishedExpert Roundup: 13 Signs You’re Being Scammed5 Steps You Can Take to Prevent Identity TheftHere’s How to Keep Yourself Safe From Mail ScamsDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsVictor Fredung is a seasoned fintech innovator with multiple years of experience from the payment sector. He joined  Shufti Pro (@Shufti_Pro)  as CEO in 2018 and has led the company towards growth and success. In his time at the company, he has helped build a fraud preventio n platform that allows businesses to verify their customers in real-time. Shufti Pros hybrid verification technology of AI and Human Intelligence lends increased accuracy to verifications, enhancing the onboarding process for businesses.Mathias J. Klenk is the  Co-founder and CEO of  Passbase (@Passbase).  Passbase is a digital  identity platform backed by verified government documents, linked social media accounts and biometric signatures.Chris Mindel is the Marketing Manager of Dexter Edward LLC. Dexter Edward is the premiere integrator of secure, encrypted, and traceless communications and collaboration systems and invisible cloud-based networks.Olga Sushko is a privacy advocate at  Kromtech (@kromtech).VPNpro (@VPNpro) is a platform covering developments in online privacy and security. We’re committed to helping educate everyday consumers about how to protect their data whenever they go online.

Ergogenic Aids in Sports Essay - 1288 Words

Ergogenic Aids in Sports A large problem in sports today is the use of ergogenic aids. An ergogenic aid is any substance or device that increases or enhances energy use, production, or recovery giving the athlete an advantage in competition. Not all ergogenic aids are illegal; many such as dietary supplements, vitamin supplements, or protein supplements are widely used and accepted, however, many are illegal and are banned by many athletic committees(Ahrendt,1). I will be discussing these illegal aids and the affect they have on the athlete and the athletic community. Some of the more commonly used illegal aids include blood doping, caffeine, corticosteroids, diuretics, and human growth hormones (HGH). Blood doping is taking blood†¦show more content†¦The effectiveness of blood doping is unsure, researches don’t know if it truly works. Some reports state that the added RBC and hemoglobin increase the viscosity of the blood, which in turn actually decreases the VO2 max(Goldman,50). The increase in viscosity can lead to an overload of work in the liver and kidney, which could lead to future problems in the liver and kidney (Shipe,77). Another precaution is if the blood that is injected does not come from the person it is being injected into there is a possibility of getting a disease such as AIDS. Blood doping is nearly impossible to discover in tests because the athlete is usually injecting their own blood into their system. The increased hemoglobin and RBC in the body can be accredited to high altitude workouts (working at high altitudes for extended amounts of time can increase hemoglobin and RBC’s). Even though it is near impossible to test for the Olympic Committee still bans its use in hope to find a test. Caffeine is a chemical found in the leaves, seeds, and fruit of over 60 species of plant. It is found in coffee, tea, some soft drinks, and chocolate. It can also be taken as a tablet at high doses in products such as No-Doz or Vivarin (Donahue,33). It is banned as an ergogenic aid in large doses. Caffeine is believed to increase endurance and alertness. AnShow MoreRelatedThe Use of Ergogenic Compounds to Improve Athletic Performance1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe Use of Ergogenic Compounds to Improve Athletic Performance An Ergogenic aid is known as an enhancing quality in sporting performance. Compounds such as bee pollen, caffeine, glycine, carnitine, lecithin, and gelatin are claimed through anecdotal evidence to improve strength or endurance. The use of drugs and other substances has persistedRead MoreThe Athletes Use Nutritional Supplements Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesalso known as ergogenic aids, in hopes to better their athletic performance. There is a wide variety of nutritional supplements that people take to see improvements. Some ergogenic aids that are most commonly used are beta-alanine, caffeine, creatine, pyruvate, and many more. The one we will focus on for this paper is creatine. Ergogenic aids are substances or techniques that are used to enhance performance, increase lean body mass or muscle mass (Maughan, â€Å"Nutritional Ergogenic Aids and ExerciseRead MoreBcaa Research Paper833 Words   |  4 PagesNick Scott 4-13-2010 Ergogenic aid research paper Branched Chain Amino Acids In choosing branched chain amino acids for my ergogenic aid project, I took a few different things into account. When looking at the list provided to our class for this project, I told myself that I wanted a challenge. I wanted to work on a topic that I knew very little about to begin with. Some of the choices off of the ergogenic aid list seemed to easy and broad. Options such as protein and alcohol would seemRead MoreEssay about Use of Steroids in Sports1559 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolved in taking these drugs. Many people are looking for a quick way to build muscle, or to get stronger the fastest way possible. Using these performance aids may very well be a quick fix for many athletes, but taking these supplements is unethical and dangerous. Using special drugs to boost an athletes performance is degrading to sports and to the athlete. The human body can produce the same substances naturally, without taking drugs, but people continue to load up on these supplements such asRead M oreEssay about Dietary Supplements Used by Athletes: Creatine1458 Words   |  6 PagesCreatine (Cr) is a popular dietary supplement used by athletes to increase sports performance, muscle mass, and strength. Creatine was first discovered in â€Å"1835, when a French scientist reported finding this constituent of meat† (Demant Rhodes, 1999). This organic compound is manufactured endogenously by the liver and kidneys â€Å"from the amino acids glycine, arginine and methionine† for energy stipulation during muscular contraction. (Arazi, Rahmaninia, Hoseini, Asadi, 2011). 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These aids may include drugs that enhance performance or even supplements formulated for sporting athletes and are divided into three categories including mental, physiological and mechanical factors (Liddle, 2013). Mechanical factorsRead MoreEssay on Branched Chain Amino Acids On Sports Performance1209 Words   |  5 Pagesperformance enhancing drugs, â€Å"ergogenic aids† have come to their re scue. Ergogenic aids are supplements that enhance the performance of athletes by improving their speed, strength and agility. A number of natural products are marketed as ergogenic aids, which have found a ready market among sportspersons. Their biggest advantage is that they are legal, apart from being safe and effective. Examples of such aids include branched chain aminoRead MoreExplements In Sports1318 Words   |  6 PagesYou are a student at university in the sport injury assessment and rehabilitation program working with the women’s hockey team. Some of the new athletes were raising concern about drugs as the players were asking about testing procedures and one player in particular had a lot of questions about things that could help her. She wants help for her performance on the ice and is looking into supplements like creatine monohydrate as well as drinks like Redbull but is also concerned as she has had gastro intestinalRead MoreAnswer Key for Lewis and Clark Reloaded3735 Words   |  107 Pagescombination of caffeine and ephedrine, as well as from espresso and high energy drinks, which contain large amounts of sugar and caffeine, and dark chocolate bars. Joe obviously discovered caffeine to be a performance enhancing aid for endurance athletes. He chose the ergogenic supplements knowing about the benefits for increased alertness and decreased perceived rate of exertion. He apparently knew that the effects of caffeine could be more efficient and effective in combination with ephedrine, grapefruit

Values Education Essay - 1157 Words

Australia as a nation is underpinned by the belief of a democratic society that requires the acquisition of essential knowledge, skills and values in order to enable all citizens to proactively play a part in the shaping their preferred future of a more equitable and socially just world (Bliss, 2005). To that end, Values and Values-based Education are considered to be an integral aspect of the Educational landscape as there is a recognition that values are not only a crucial part of a critical understanding of society, but also the key to successful participation in our democracy (Allison Von Wald, 2010). For this reason the incorporation of values in schools is becoming increasingly important, as the active construction and†¦show more content†¦Many of the values that are discussed within the National Framework for Values Education in Australian Schools are inexplicably linked to the issues explored throughout the Queensland Senior Legal Studies Syllabus 2007. The Nation al Framework for Values Education in Australian Schools document (Australian Government Department Of Education, Science and Training, 2005) incorporates a foundation vision for improved Values Education in Australian schools; eight Guiding Principles as well as key elements and approaches providing practical guidance to support schools in implementing Values Education; and nine values for Australian Schooling that emerged from Australian school communities and from the Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians, which underlines the importance of Values-Based learning experiences in the classroom, working in conjunction with modern educational policy to complement both the fundamental inclusion of valuesShow MoreRelatedThe Value Of An Education1037 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is the value of an education really worth in today’s society? In order to clearly understand the worth of an education, one would have to understand what the word education reall y means. According to dictionary.com, it defines the term education as, â€Å"the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgement, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/education). An educationRead MoreValue of Education1441 Words   |  6 PagesValue of Education In his essay â€Å"Is College Worth the Money?†, Daniel S. Cheever, Jr. contends that, â€Å"The real question is whether students are getting their money’s worth† (102). He emphasizes the value of education and not only the cost. Higher education is the focus of Cheever’s essay, but I believe the same question of worth can be asked concerning elementary through high school education as well. Both public and private schools offer distinctive educational opportunities and each individualRead MoreValue Based Education: a Need of Today2339 Words   |  10 PagesThe Phrase Value Based Education, in wide use in present times comes closest in meaning to the Sanskrit word Vidya as it was used by the Gurus or preceptors of ancient India. Vid - ya means that which illumines. As such, it was identified with knowledge that illumines the mind and soul. Since the imparting of knowledge was the aim of education, over a period of time, education also came to be known as Vidya. But, the highest goal of Vidya as visualized by the seers and seekers was to understandRead MoreThe Value Of Culture Of Education Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pages The Value of Culture in Education All individuals are affected in one way or another by the culture, or the beliefs and traditions of our society. The various layers of culture assist in designing the future of an individual, but more importantly the educational culture affects the success of the student. Cathy Davidson, author of Project Classroom Makeover, claims that the current culture of education is negatively affecting the students by narrowing the spectrum of success. Susan Faludi, authorRead More Education Values Essays780 Words   |  4 Pagesnot only educational values but societal values as well. Three areas in particular that have been eliciting much discussion are bilingual education programs, services within schools for gay and lesbian students, and inclusion of multicultural curricula. 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Education has evolved a lot over time and has shaped American society. Back in the day, education was not as important because many jobs did not have educational requirements. In those days you could have a high school diploma and get a good job. Today, if you only have a high school diploma the types of jobs that you can get include fast food restaurants or maybe construction work. Getting your college degree is very essentialRead MoreThe Value Of University Education Essay1702 Words   |  7 PagesOn the Value of University Education The nature of attaining a higher level of education has changed drastically since the end of WWII with more than triple the percentage of the population attending at least some college. While receiving advanced degree used to be an opportunity only for the rich or those going into a specialized profession, it now has become an integral part of the American Dream. However, historically such mass education was never the point of university, and the value of theirRead MoreThe Value of Education Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesThe Value of Education Learning and knowledge are highly prized in all societies, especially here in Ireland, where there is a strong tradition of respect for education. The choices that individuals make when leaving school, in particular whether to pursue higher education or not, are likely to have a long lasting effect on their lifestyle. The main purposes for a University education involve: social, national and educational purposes and for the individual personal purposes and moral developmentRead MoreThe True Value Of Informal Education Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe True Value of Informal Education Although about fifty percent of all marriages in the United States will end in divorce or separation, the United States has only the sixth highest divorce rate in the world. This statistic alone shows how broken families have managed to become the social norm across the nation and that the â€Å"American Dream† is, in most cases, unattainable. A study conducted by Andrew J. Cherlin concluded that children that experienced divorces received lower results at school.

Microeconomics Free Essays

Assumption This report describes what this kind of capital produces, and what would determine the optimal level of preservation effort. The Key Element Of This Model The purpose of the present study is to shed light on the effects of designation on property values in residential neighborhoods. Analysis Not infrequently, planners, preservationists, and community officials are accused of catalyzing the displacement of low- and moderate-income renters and homeowners and of small businesses when they support the historic designation of older neighborhoods. We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Planning and Policy Implications The designation of historic districts in residential neighborhoods has grown in popularity in the United States over the past two decades. Many planners have embraced designation policies as tools in the management of neighborhood preservation and rentalization. However, opposition has arisen in some cases based on the assertion that official designation could accelerate property values, thus increasing tax liabilities and rents and leading to rising displacement of low-income and elderly households. Existing research provides only a few insights into this issue. An analysis of residential historic district designation in Washington, DC, finds little support for the displacement threat. Further research is necessary on the timing of designation and the intervening effects of the federal historic preservation tax credit. Ever since pioneering legislation was passed in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1931 and New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1937 the historic district technique has been employed as a device to protect neighborhoods and areas of historic and architectural importance. While only a handful of communities adopted historic district ordinances in the 1940s and 1950s (Reed 394), today there are more than 1,200 historic districts scattered across the United States. Furthermore, encouraging historic districts has become a matter of national policy. The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 empowered the National Park Service to create the National Register of Historic Places, a listing of landmarks and historic districts considered to be of significance beyond merely local or regional levels (Public Law 89-665). Of course, historic district statutes vary from community to community and state to state in the stringency of their provisions. But typically they establish official boundaries around a historic area and provide for the creation of a commission to rule on individual applications to demolish or alter a property or to build a new structure in the area. The commission is usually made up of from three to ten volunteers selected by the local government for their expertise or experience in matters related to preservation. An appeals process is provided for affected property owners who disagree with a commission decision (Reed 394). The proliferation of historic districts nationwide in the past 20 years testifies to their popularity among preservationists. Historic districts vary, however, in their effectiveness at protecting historic buildings and spaces, depending on the strength of their legislation and the level of political support for their ideals. Many property owners and businesspersons resist passage of such ordinances, fearing that they will be unduly restricted in using real estate located inside a district. They worry that they will not be able to make desired exterior alterations to a building or yard, that they will be prohibited from demolishing a structure and replacing it with a new one, or that they may not be allowed to change the use of the building, as, for example, from residential to business premises. At bottom is their concern for the economic effects of designation (Listokin). Another concern is germane both to property owners and to renters. Both groups may oppose designation of a historic district, fearing that property values will inflate and cause municipal tax assessments to rise. Some property owners argue that they will be burdened by steep increases in property tax liabilities. Disabled or retired homeowners on fixed incomes feel especially vulnerable. Renters, fearing the indirect effects of rising assessments, may worry that landlords will boost rents substantially to meet the increased costs of property taxes. In short, the issues for these people are involuntary displacement and excessive economic burdens. Designation and Property Values In recent years, as more communities have gained experience with designated residential historic districts, attitudes among property owners and businesspersons, while still cautious, seem to have softened somewhat. Historic districts in Boston, San Francisco, Seattle, New Orleans, and Charleston have demonstrated their appeal to tourists, real estate investors, preservationists, and others. Reinvestment, property appreciation, and business success have resulted, in many communities. The rise of private reinvestment and gentrification in older inner city neighborhoods during the late 1960s and 1970s contributed substantially to local government designation of more historic districts. But gentrification also alerted many low- and moderate-income households, especially minorities, to the disruptive effects that these dynamics could have on their lives. Recalling the widespread opposition to federal urban renewal clearance and relocation programs in the 1950s and 1960s, campaigns among social activists and community organizers in the 1970s and 1980s to limit the impacts of private reinvestment sought out convenient, highly visible, unitary targets at which to direct protest efforts. Because gentrification rarely proceeds by central direction, but rather, through the individual investment decisions of hundreds or thousands of people, identifying a protest target is usually difficult. Not surprisingly, then, historic district designation, always an action of the public sector, offered government as the pressure point. Thus, in some communities historic district commissions, local preservation offices, planning commissions, and other units of local government have become the targets of mobilized citizens’ groups. Over the past decade, as historic district designations have proliferated in many communities, opposition among low- and moderate-income persons and small businesses has also mounted. Because fewer of these people are property owners, their fears are more likely to be based on the alleged displacement effects of designation, rather than on the restrictiveness of property controls or the dampening of property values. Therefore, they argue more or less the converse of property owners: that property values will rise in response to designation, causing rent increases and hikes in real estate tax liabilities. As this newer form of opposition has become more intense in communities with previously designated districts, preservationists have found themselves in the position of arguing that, while appreciation in property values occurs in historic districts, it is not due to designation, but rather, to the effects of other economic forces. One result is that more careful analyses have begun to emerge. An example is a study prepared for the Boston Redevelopment Authority (Engle and Avault). The residential property tax assessment data is examined for several Boston neighborhoods. The adjoining Beacon Hill and Back Bay neighborhoods were analyzed as a single study area. Designated a historic district in 1955, Beacon Hill exerted so little influence on the study area’s rate of growth in assessments that it was not until 1962 that assessments began to rise significantly beyond those of the city overall. But designation of Back Bay in 1966 paralleled a sharp rise in study area assessments. Yet, while assessments in the study area were higher than in the city overall, the rate of growth in assessments in the study area from 1966 to 1972 (136 percent) did not substantially diverge from that of the city overall. As for the Beacon Hill Back Bay area’s relative growth in assessments (383 percent) for the full study period (1946-72), it was exceeded by rates in Charlestown (619 percent), the Central/North End neighborhoods (531 percent), the South End (415 percent), and the Fenway/ Kenmore area (458 percent). None of these neighborhoods had been designated a historic district by 1972, although all had vintage building stocks. Therefore, although the Boston study provides mixed evidence of the impact of historic district designation on property values, it does not demonstrate that growth rates were out of proportion to other reinvestment areas where no designations had occurred. Further insights on the historic district designation issue are available from a consultant’s study of a neighborhood in Brooklyn. Three sections of the Park Slope district were examined, each with differing social, economic, and architectural properties. These sections were compared to three study areas from the adjoining nondesignated portion of the Park Slope neighborhood. It was found that, in most of the study areas, â€Å"the greatest property value increases occurred prior to designation.† After designation, â€Å"market values in the comparable areas . . . increased at roughly the same rates as those within the districts†. A survey was also conducted of residents in the Park Slope historic district and found that â€Å"only 15 to 25 percent of the respondents mentioned the designation as one of the reasons for moving into Park Slope,† although many cited the appeal of the architecture. The study concluded that â€Å"increases in market values have resulted from a number of factors in which designation did not play a major role. A third source of intelligence on this issue arises from research in Chicago (Schaeffer and Ahern 1988). One residential neighborhood listed on the National Register of Historic Places and two designated as local districts were examined. Housing sales data, secured from the files of a local real estate company, were used to measure property values. Schaeffer and Ahern found a statistically significant increase in the rate of housing sales in the national district, but not in the local districts, after their respective designation dates. To the extent that rising turnover in ownership contributes to enhanced sales prices, one would expect that property values would accelerate after designation. Conclusion Pursuing this issue, it is found that, indeed, price increases in the national district were statistically significant after designation, while those in the local districts were not. The difference might be due to the more stringent controls imposed on property use in the two local districts. These controls, they reason, could have the effect of discouraging property owners and would-be buyers from investing in housing. The National Register district, on the other hand, offers buyers the prestige of property ownership in a nationally recognized neighborhood, with few, if any, controls influencing use and enjoyment of property. Works Cited Engle, Robert F. and John Avault. Residential Property Market Values in Boston. Boston Redevelopment Authority, Research Department, Boston, MA. 1973 Listokin, David. Living Cities. Report of the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. New York: Priority Press Publications. 1985 Reed, Thomas J. Land Use Controls in Historic Areas. Notre Dame Lawyer 44, 3: 394. 1969 Schaeffer, Peter V., and Cecily P. Ahern. Historic Preservation and Economic Value. CBES Working Paper No. 2 (August). Denver, CO: School of Architecture and Planning, University of Colorado. 1988 How to cite Microeconomics, Essay examples Microeconomics Free Essays Question 1) With examples give 5 reasons why the study of microeconomics is important. Microeconomics is a field of economic study that focuses on how an individual’s behaviour and decisions affect the supply and demand for goods and services. For the purpose of microeconomics, the actions of individuals, households and businesses are crucial, unlike the study of macroeconomics, which focuses on national and international economic trends. We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite the differences between the two fields, however, micro-level trends and the study of microeconomics are considered the basis of modern macroeconomics. Macroeconomics is concerned with the big picture, for example, the national economy and gross domestic product. By contrast, microeconomics is concerned with the small picture and focuses on theories of supply and demand. Firstly, microeconomics is very important in business, especially when it comes to a new business. Entrepreneurs create businesses by purchasing and utilizing factors of production. In order to estimate the potential return on investment (ROI) of those factors of production, entrepreneurs must have a basic knowledge of microeconomic concepts such as supply, demand, cost and profit. Without the basics of microeconomics, it is impossible to know how much a particular good can be sold for in a particular area. Furthermore, without microeconomic basics on costs and earnings, it is impossible to estimate ROI, thus will lead to poor financial investments. Microeconomics is very useful in business decision making. It helps business to achieve maximum production with the given amount of resources. Business firms can make decisions in demand analysis, cost analysis and methods of calculating prices. Second, marketing people must have a basic understanding of microeconomics so that they can set prices for products and decide in which markets to sell those products. For example, with an understanding of microeconomics, a computer company marketing manager can advise the CEO to start allowing instalment payments in case of an economic downturn, thus recovering business from customers hit hard by the recession. A marketing manager without a sense of economics might not realize that such options are available. Third, microeconomics is important when it comes to management. Managers must understand the concept of return on investment (ROI) when setting salaries for new hires, as employees are supposed to generate profits for the company. Managers must also have an understanding of microeconomics when making general budget decisions. A project shouldn’t be given a budget that exceeds what the project is expected to produce in future earnings. These kinds of decisions are based on the microeconomic concepts of cost, revenue and profit. Fourth, Finance and Accounting also requires the understandings of microeconomics. Finance people probably use microeconomics more than anyone else in business. Financial analysts use microeconomic and macroeconomic theories in order to forecast the future value of financial assets. For example, gold, stocks, bonds and other investments. A securities analyst might use microeconomic data to determine the change in income of people in a given country, then use the microeconomic concept of â€Å"price elasticity of demand† for the responsiveness of consumer demand to changes in consumer income and to determine whether the price of a given asset will rise or fall in that country. Accountants use financial ratios that are derived from microeconomics. Lastly, the understanding of microeconomic is needed to provide tools for economic policies. Microeconomic helps to impose tax rates by analyzing the demand and supply factors. It also helps to determine the government policies on the resource allocation and pricing. Government also make policies to control the prices of goods by using the theory of price ceiling and price floor. By understanding microeconomics, we can examine the implications and effectiveness of the government policies. Question 2) Define â€Å"ceteris paribus â€Å". Explain why the device of ceteris paribus is so important in economics. Ceteris Paribus is a Latin phrase that translates approximately to â€Å"holding other things constant† and is usually rendered in English as â€Å"all other things being equal†. In Economics the term â€Å"Ceteris Paribus† is used quite often to assume all other factors to remain the same, while analysing the relationship between any two variables. For example, when discussing the laws of supply and demand, one could say that if demand for a given product outweighs supply, ceteris paribus, prices will rise. Here, the use of â€Å"ceteris paribus† is simply saying that as long as all other factors that could affect the outcome such as the existence of a substitute product remain constant, prices will increase in this situation. One of the disciplines in which ceteris paribus are most widely used is economics, in which they are employed to simplify the formulation and description of economic outcomes and the theoretical relationship of cause and effect. When using ceteris paribus in economics, assume all other variables except those under immediate consideration are held constant. For example, it can be predicted that if the price of beef increases, ceteris paribus, the quantity of beef demanded by buyers will decrease. In this example, the clause is used to operationally describe everything surrounding the relationship between both the price and the quantity demanded of an ordinary good. This operational description intentionally ignores both known and unknown factors that may also influence the relationship between price and quantity demanded, and thus to assume ceteris paribus is to assume away any interference with the given example. Such factors that would be intentionally ignored include the relative change in price of substitute goods like the price of beef vs. chicken, the level of risk dislikes among buyers like the fear of mad cow disease, and the level of overall demand for a good regardless of its current price level like a societal shift toward vegetarianism. If we try to establish the relationship between demand and price, there may be other variables which may also influence demand besides price. The influence of other factors may invalidate the hypothesis that quantity demanded of a commodity is inversely related to its price. If rise in price takes place along with an increasing in income or a change technology, then the effect of price change may not be the same. However, the assumption that the other variables are unchanged will eliminate the interrupting influences of other variables. Ceteris Paribus is important in economics as it is an assumption which we are bound to make when there are complexities in the reality. It is necessary for the sake of convenience. The limitations of human intelligence and capacity compel us to make this assumption. Besides, without the assumption we cannot reach on economic relations, sequences and conclusions. In fact, there are large numbers of variables interacting simultaneously at a given time. If our analysis has to be accurate we may have to examine two variables at a time which makes it inevitable to assume other variables to remain unchanged. For the ceteris paribus assumption, let’s take for example by assuming an economist examines a model explaining the relationship between the price and quantity purchased of Coca-Cola. The theory is â€Å"if the price increases, then the quantity of Coca-Cola decreases, ceteris paribus. Now assume the process of Coca-Cola was observed to increased one summer and some people actually bought more, not less. Based on this real-world observation, you would declare the theory is wrong but actually the economist responds that this is a reasoning pitfall because the model is valid based on the assumption of ceteris paribus, and your observation gi ves no reason to reject the model. The reason the model appeared flawed is because another factor which is a sharp rise in the temperature. The rise in temperature caused people to buy more Coca-Cola in spite of its higher price. If the temperature and all other factors were held constant as the price of Coca-Cola rises, then people indeed would buy less Coca-Cola, as the model predicts. Therefore, the assumption that the other variables are unchanged will eliminate the interrupting influences of other variables. As a conclusion, ceteris paribus is important as it enhances our understandings towards the theoretical relationship of cause and effect as we can analyse the relationship between two variable without having any other variable influencing the results. The assumption of Ceteris Paribus eliminates the influence of other factors which may get in the way of establishing a scientific statement regarding the behaviour of economic variables. References Question 1 reference: Importance of microeconomics, http://www. slideshare. net/tribhuwan64/presentation-on-importance-of-microecon omics Importance of microeconomics, http://www. ehow. com/info_8301181_importance-microeconomics-business. html Question 2 reference: Microeconomics for Today, books. google. com. my/books? isbn=0538469447 Basic Tools in Economics, http://wikieducator. org/Basic_Tools_in_Economic_Analysis How to cite Microeconomics, Papers

Shakespeare free essay sample

This paper discusses the life and times of William Shakespeare. The author states that little is know of Shakespeares life details, but it is known that he started acting in 1597 before the queen and soon became an expert playwright. He points out that one of the interesting aspects of Shakespeares life is that he came from the farm class and grew up in a town where most of the people were illiterate. The feminist position of Shakespeare is discussed. The author states that to be a successful playwright in Shakespeares day, a playwright had to interest many different people and that is why Shakespeare had such a wide range of play topics and styles. William Shakespeare was born on 23rd April 1564 to farmer class parents. This is the reason why we find his life so amazing. He grew up in a town where the majority of the people could neither read nor write. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is known that about five years after he married he left his hometown, Stratford, and went to London where he started acting before the queen. It is known that his careers as an actor as well as a manger both were illustrious and he had a good many years of criticism and success. He lived the latter part of his life actively and died a wealthy man.

Earth is my mother Essay Essays

Earth is my mother Essay Essays Earth is my mother Essay Essay Earth is my mother Essay Essay Essay Topic: Equus The author’s intent in authorship was to understand for herself and to be able to show Navajo sandpaintings as â€Å"dynamically sacred life entities whose significances lie in the procedure of their creative activity and use† ( page nineteen ) . Sandpaintings. created from different colored littorals and sacred objects. are non art. They are representations of fabulous existences and fables created for the intent of restoring someone’s wellness and harmoniousness. The survey of sandpaintings and their assorted significances permits the reader considerable penetration into Navajo land-tied spiritual beliefs. universe position. creative activity myths. society. history. and even constructs of clip. The writer. Trudy Griffin-Pierce. provides small autobiographical information in the book. She mentions her vagabond Air Force upbringing and how her early readings were devoted to books about Native American civilization. particularly the Navajo. Although she is distantly related to the Catawba Indians of South Carolina. she ever felt a affinity with the Navajo and lived for a clip with a Navajo household. larning their traditions. history. and linguistic communication. This bond drew her to Arizona after she completed her undergraduate grade in art at Florida State University. N. Scott Momaday. in his â€Å"Forward† . adds that Ms. Griffin-Pierce is a really originative creative person. capable of understanding and discoursing the artistic dimension of the Navajo universe. She makes the imaginative and inventive Navajo system of belief without our apprehension. Ms. Griffin-Pierce received her doctors degree in anthropology from the University of Arizona in 1987. where she is presently Assistant Professor in the Anthropology Department and Teachs three classs. The information on her web site at the University of Arizona reveals that this was her first published book. She has written four newer books. The Encyclopedia of Native America ( 1995 ) . Native Americans: Enduring Cultures and Traditions ( 1996 ) . Native Peopless of the Southwest ( 2000 ) . and Paridigms of Power: The Chiricahua Apache Prisoners of War and Naiche’s Hide Paintings ( in imperativeness ) ; and two articles. â€Å"When I am Lonely the Mountains Call Me: The Impact of Sacred Geography on Navajo Psychological Well Being† . and â€Å"Navajo Religion† . All of her Hagiographas centre on the history of Indians in the United States’ Southwest. She is presently analyzing aging and dementedness among Arizona’s Native Americans. In Earth is my Mother ; Sky is my Father. Ms. Griffin-Pierce inside informations Navajo spiritual beliefs. universe positions. historical myths. social construction. and astronomical constructs before she discusses the usage and construction of Navajo sandpaintings. Basic Navajo spiritual beliefs are still followed by many Navajos who chose non to absorb the dogmas of Christianity presented to them in the 1800’s. There is no word for â€Å"religion† in the Navajo linguistic communication. Spirituality. wellness. harmoniousness. and beauty are inseparable. The existence is an across-the-board whole where everything has a alone topographic point and good relationship to all other living things. God is the â€Å"Unknown Power† worshipped through His Creation. The Navajo besides have a close relationship with the Holy People. with whom they interact daily. ( page 34 ) Navajo spiritual beliefs are closely tied to their intense yearning for and their love of their fatherland. which they consider the â€Å"point in infinite from which all constructs of the universe proceed† . ( page fifteen ) The land and the Earth is their foundation of all belief. admiration. and intending in human being. and the four sacred mountains are the centre. There are no lasting spiritual centres. The Native American Church is a local mescal airy faith. The Navajo have a round construct of clip that permits their mythic. religious universe to coexist with their physical universe. The writer suggests that the Navajo sacred sandpaintings can non be understood unless we accept the Navajo’s â€Å"mythopoetic context of superimposed clip. infinite. and meaning† . ( page 7 ) Navajo spiritualty affirms humanity’s topographic point in nature as a whole. Their ceremonials restore the interconnection of all life. They believe sickness consequences from failure to keep mutual duties with the environment. violation of ceremonial regulations. and evildoings against one’s ain head and organic structures. Her intent in composing this book is to portion a more humane. more affiliated position of the universe and its parts in restoring humanity’s alliance with the existence. ( page 9 ) Navajos still worship Gods and goddesses of specific intents. Their divinities include the Sun ; Changing Woman. who brings the earthly seasons ; and their kids. Hero Twins. Monster Slayer. Born-for Water. First Man and First Woman. First Boy and First Girl. the prankster Coyote. and the Speechless Ones. who can non express words. ( page 34 ) These are frequently depicted in the sandpaintings. Navajos have a construct of the â€Å"Holy Wind† . reminiscent of the Christian Holy Spirit. as a being that exists everyplace and is in all living existences. For them this means that all living existences are related and that humanity has a duty to care for other living existences. Curiously. in Navajo Creation narratives. the Holy People spoke. American ginseng. and prayed the universe into being with their sacred words. Since everyone has an interior signifier and is portion of the Holy Wind. each has a Holy Person located within. Oneness with the existence creates a duty to handle one’s chap animals with the same regard one has towards oneself. ( page 73 ) . The Navajos were among the last American Indians to migrate from Asia to North America and were tardily in geting in the Southwest. They settled in the geographical country bounded by the four Sacred Mountains in the Four Corners country of the Southwest. Their geographical isolation protected them from diseases brought by the Spaniards and provided them with entree to stealing their Equus caballuss. sheep. and caprine animals. They learned weaving from the Pueblos. The Navajo social construction was and is matriarchal. kin. and household based. and they dwell in stray household groups structured by the atomic household. the matrilocal extended household. close relations. and other relations. Many Navajo live in frame houses today. but some still choose well-constructed Hogans. ( page 21 ) Navajo ceremonial healings affecting sandpaintings are conducted by extremely trained practicians called â€Å"chanters† who have learned to sing the luxuriant Navajo rites. The Navajo melody pipe can bring around witchery. exorcise shades. and set up unsusceptibility to illness. A melody pipe is a priest. non a priest-doctor. and neer enters the shaman’s characteristic enchantment province. Most melody pipes are work forces. Women become pathologists. or priest-doctors who get cognition in a enchantment province. ( page 39 ) Navaho ceremonies are rites ( rattling is non used ) or chants ( rattle accompanies singing. The major rites ( Blessingway and Enemyway ) use drypaintings with pigments made from workss. including maize. pollens. Indian meal. flower petals. and wood coal. The writer explains that Enemyway is a signifier of dispossession against the shades of foreigners. force. and ugliness. The intonation ceremonials ( Holyway. Evilway. or Lifeway ) use sandpaintings of different colourss of sand. ocher and wood coal. Other sacred objects. flora. and bowls of H2O are incorporated into both types of ceremonials. ( pages 40-41 ) There are 100s. if non 1000s. of different sandpainting designs. A sandpainting is a topographic point of entry where occults enter and go forth. attracted by their similitudes in the picture. The constitution of this tract lets the immorality or unwellness in the patient be replaced by the good. or mending power of the supernatural being. ( page 43 ) The mending ceremonials last for several yearss. It takes four to six people three to five hours to finish a sandpainting six provender in diameter. The workers begin in the centre and work outwards. ( page 45. The Navajos’ basic construct is that the powers of the celestial spheres and Earth are drawn into the sandpainting for the intent of mending. Time is compressed so that powerful mythic events of the past coexist with the present and reconstruct harmoniousness and good being to the individual being healed. ( page 58 ) The sandpainted image is intended to allow the ill individual project his or her head through clip and infinite. lifting above present earthly restrictions. The Navajo layered worldview becomes meaningless during a ceremonial as all beds of celestial spheres and belowground become one. The Navajos study the configurations and star agreements chiefly for finding of seasons. and they are non portion of the ceremonial nucleus of sandpaintings. even though word pictures of fabulous Gods of creative activity in the signifier of configurations may be used. ( page 103 ) One of the more interesting myths is how Younger Brother went to the sky state and met an interior circle of hostile existences whom he left to remain with the friendly Star People in the outer homes. These friendly Star People. whom the Navajo name â€Å"The People† . and the hostile existences are still incorporated into sandpaintings. The writer concentrated on the â€Å"Mother Earth. Father Sky† sandpainting because it is the most familiar to foreigners and presents the most elaborate word picture of the Navajo celestial spheres of sandpaintings in usage today. ( page 175 ) She describes the intricate. careful. elaborate procedure involved in doing a sandpainting. Mother Earth and Father Sky must be indistinguishable in form and size. The act of making a sandpainting is mending because it focuses everyone’s ideas on the rules of balance and order. ( page 177 ) The picture becomes â€Å"alive† to function its transcendent intent when the melody pipe strews sacred pollen on it and blesses those go toing. ( page 183 ) . The sacred and blessed sandpainting forces the patient to reconnect in clip and infinite to past and show sacred forces and reminds the patient of her connection to worlds present physically or spiritually. ( page 194 ) This book accomplishes the author’s stated intents and does discourse the subjects in item. However. the information is disorganized and scattered. doing the book itself difficult to read. The author’s intent was to learn the reader how to understand and appreciate the devising. content. and intent of Navajo sandpainting. which she accomplishes. Some of the information presented about Navajo spiritual beliefs is oddly similar to Christianity. and the writer does non sufficiently discuss whether or non these were original to the Navajo who migrated to the Americas or picked up and changed a spot from what Christian missionaries tried to learn them. The Navajo ties to the spiritual symbolism of their land is unusually similar to early Hebrew idea. but no reference is made of that. The textual beginnings used by the writer are all documented research documents or books that are reasonably recent in day of the month. One would wish earlier beginnings had been consulted on some issues. but their handiness is non known. The writer combines rather deadening elaborate information with her myths and more lively text. doing the book itself a challenge to finish. BIBLIOGRAPHY Southwest Studies Program. Biography of Trudy Griffin-Pierce. University of Arizona. hypertext transfer protocol: //web. Arizona. edu/~swst/faculty/tgpierce. htm. Griffin-Pierce. Trudy. Earth is my Mother ; Sky is my Father. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 1992.

8 Ways to Avoid Barking Up the Wrong Family Tree

8 Ways to Avoid Barking Up the Wrong Family Tree There is nothing more frustrating than finding out the ancestors youve been so diligently researching, and have even come to love, arent really yours. Yet, it happens to most of us who research our family trees at some point. A lack of records, incorrect data, and embellished family stories can easily send us off in the wrong direction. How can we avoid this heartbreaking result in our own family research? It isnt always possible to avoid wrong turns, but these steps may help keep you from barking up the wrong family tree. 1. Dont Skip Generations Skipping generations in your research is the most common mistake made by beginners. Even if you think you know everything about yourself and your parents, you shouldnt skip directly to your grandparents. Or your immigrant ancestor. Or the famous person that youve been told youre descended from. Working your way back one generation at a time greatly lessens your chances at attaching the wrong ancestor to your family tree, because youll have the supporting documents- birth records, marriage certificates, census records, etc.- to support the link between each generation. 2. Dont Make Assumptions About Family Relationships Family terms such as Junior and Senior as well as aunt and cousin were often used very loosely in earlier times - and still are, even today. A designation of Jr., for example, may have been used in official records to identify between two men of the same name, even if they were unrelated (the younger of the two being called Jr.). You also shouldnt assume relationships between people living in a household unless it is specifically stated. The sole adult-aged female listed in your great-great grandfathers household, may indeed be his wife- or it could be a sister-in-law or family friend. 3. Document, Document, Document The most important habit to pick up when starting genealogical research is to diligently  write down how and where you find your information. If it was found on a website, for example, write down the title of the site, the URL and the date. If the data came from a book or microfilm, write down the title, author, publisher, publication date and the repository.  If your family information came from a relative, document who the information came from and when the interview took place. There will be many times when youll run across conflicting data, and youll need to know where your information came from. Often, its convenient to use a spreadsheet for this purpose, but it can also be helpful to keep physical records. Printing out hard copies for reference is a great way to back up information in case the data is taken offline or changes. 4. Does it Make Sense? Constantly review all new information that you add to your family tree to make sure that it is at least plausible. If the date of your ancestors marriage is only seven years after they were born, for example, you have a problem. The same goes for two children born less than nine months apart, or children born before their parents. Does the birthplace listed in the census correlate with what youve learned about your ancestor? Have you possibly skipped a generation? Look at the information youve gathered and ask yourself, Does this make sense? 5. Get Organized The more organized your genealogy research, the less likely that youll mix up information or make other simple, but costly, mistakes. Choose a filing system that works with the way you do research, making sure that it includes a way to organize both your papers and certificates ​and your digital documents and other computer files. 6. Verify Research Done By Others Its hard enough avoiding your own mistakes, without having to worry about the mistakes of others as well. Publication- whether in print or online- doesnt make anything fact, so you should always take steps to verify previous research  using primary sources and other tools before incorporating it into your own.   7. Rule Out the Other Possibilities You know that your great-great-grandfather lived in Virginia around the turn-of-the-century, so you look him up in the 1900 U.S. census and there he is! In truth, however, this isnt him; its someone else with the same name living in the same area during the same time period. It is a scenario that actually isnt all that uncommon, even with names you might think are unique. When researching your family, it is always a good idea to check the surrounding area to see if there is someone else who could fit the bill.   8. Turn to DNA Blood doesnt lie, so if you really want to be sure a DNA test may be the way to go. DNA tests cant currently tell you who your specific ancestors are, but they can help narrow things down quite a bit.

Analysis of movie knowing her place indu krishnan Essay

Analysis of movie knowing her place indu krishnan - Essay Example Growing up in a liberal society in the United States for immigrants like Vasu already requires for a series of psychological and emotional adjustments in order to fit in the society. Physical appearance, language, and tradition are but the easiest to get acquainted to in the society that is different from what one’s parents have grown up to, especially for young children. On the other hand, an appalling dilemma for these children is to be brought back to the society in which they have grown out of for more than a decade in their lives. When Vasu was brought back to India at a stage when she was going through her adolescent stage, every day has been a struggle since. Her life back in the United States after getting married as a teenager due to a cultural norm, life has become a huge battlefield. There were bigger challenges and heavier social and cultural responsibilities as a wife and mother. Women like Vasu have to get acculturated to the various roles that are perceived to b e played by women in the society against men. If it is Krishna’s goal to reveal women’s cultural schizophrenia with cross-cultural background (Hoppe, â€Å"Knowing† & wmm.com, â€Å"Knowing†) to the world, this movie definitely did much justice to their experiences through the main character in the movie. Cultural identity is essential in women’s competence upon accomplishing their roles and responsibilities to their family and the society. The lack of which would only provide a vehicle to emotional and psychological instability that could lead to identity

The Spherical Spatial Designs and Its Meanings in The Pantheon, Rome Term Paper

The Spherical Spatial Designs and Its Meanings in The Pantheon, Rome - Term Paper Example By looking at the vast span of the empire at that time, dome structures was almost everywhere. From the temples, churches, up to the administrative buildings, the dome was a clear Roman mark in the Roman urban zones. By looking at the existing structures of today, it is clear that the Romans directly influenced modern day engineers and architects. Arenas, stadiums and government buildings are the favored pieces that exemplify the classical Roman built. In fact, the Capitol Hill in Washington D.C. in the US is one of the premier heirs of this type of architecture. Also, the presence of St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican could also attest to the influence of the Romans. Indeed, the fall of Rome did not hinder the end of its influential art and architecture. From the Middle-Ages, the Renaissance, up to the dawn of the 18th to the 19th centuries, the spirit of the Romans are present in building structures. With the remarkable Pantheon as the culmination of the ingenious Roman dom e, this paper would concentrate on the spherical spatial design of the structure. It will explain the prevalence of these kinds of structures and their significance in the Roman society at that time. By historicizing the Pantheon and narrating the context when it was built, this paper would arrive to a closer answer that pertains to the meanings of the spheres and curvatures that dominate the Pantheon. This paper will then delve into a more focused analysis of its interior. It will try to connect the presence of the pillars to the importance of the spherical feel that the Pantheon creates in its layout. The utter shift from a pagan to a Christian worship will also be explained in this paper. The importance of the dome to the pagans and the Christians will be viewed as varying interpretations based on their respective tenets and beliefs. This paper on the Pantheon’s spherical built is intended to shed light on the mysteries that surround the architecture of this Roman structur e. By the end of this study, it should give a clear understanding on the harmony and the coordination of every detail within the Pantheon. The different interpretations of the pagan and Christian should be evident and conclusive as well. For the fulfilment of this research, it will take into account various secondary sources such as books and journal articles. The historical methodology will be used in order to corroborate information and to explain the arguments of the topic at hand. The Roman Context: the Pantheon and the Society in the 1st Century Before doing an analysis on the predominance of the spherical Roman structures and its obvious use in the Pantheon, a brief narrative of the Roman society should be explained in order to contextualize the matter at hand. During the 1st century, the Roman Republic had been expanding rapidly and was transforming into an empire. The principle of expansionism was the primary rationale of the Romans’ will to subject the whole Mediterr anean under its control. At the dawn of that century, the concept of the republic was rightfully replaced with the title of the empire, primarily due to the vast expanse of its territories (Hollister, 183-189). Under the Principate, the leadership of the princep or the â€Å"first prince† caused a conquest which produced frontiers from the Tigris-Euphrates Valley in the east, the Atlantic in

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI is a procedure, in wide use since the 80s, to see the anatomy of the internal organs of the body. It is based on the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), first described in landmark papers over fifty years ago (Rabi et al. 1938; Rabi, Millman, and Kusch 1939; Purcell et al. 1945; Bloch, Hansen, and Packard 1946) (4 ). . The MRI is a valuable diagnostic and research tool with also practical applications for surgical planning and conquering diseases. This imaging procedure is painless and non-invasive although sometimes discomforting as the patient lies down in a body tube that surrounds them. For many years, closed MRI units have been the standard in helping physicians make a diagnosis. These closed MRI units featured a long tube that the patient would be placed inside during their procedure. This was often uncomfortable for many patients due to the "closed in" feeling and was especially stressful for patients who suffer from claustrophobia. The newest generation of MRI units is now open on all four sides which completely alleviates the "closed in" feeling, while still providing the physician with the most accurate information possible to aid in diagnosis (2).. A patient does not see or feel anything. A faint knocking sound may be heard as the machine processes information. Patients may choose to listen to music -- even having the option of bringing their own CDs to listen to. Most MRI procedures take less than an hour. MRI technology is based on three things: magnetism, radiofrequency and computers. The magnetic resonance machine, is a big and strong magnet. When the body is inside, every proton of the body is oriented in the same way (for instance, with the positive pole up). Water ... ...netic Resonance Imaging is one of the most accurate imaging modalities available today. It is an application of computer technology that has generated knowledge for the future and for practical application today. The field of imaging continues to expand as avidly pursued new dimensions in the acquisition of physiological and biochemical information occurs. WWW Sources 1) Principles of Functional Magnetic Resonance , http://www.mch.com/ 2) Consultants in Radiology , http://www.cirpa.com/Pages/OpenMRI.html 3) MIT Encyclopedia of Cognitive Sciences , https://cognet.mit.edu/login/?return_url=%2Flibrary%2Ferefs%2Fmitecs%2Fugurbil.html 4) Tracking Neural Pathways with MRI , https://cognet.mit.edu/login/?return_url=%2Flibrary%2Ferefs%2Fmitecs%2Fugurbil.html 5) MRI OF HIPPOCAMPUS IN INCIPIENT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE http://www.uku.fi/neuro/37the.htm

Managerial Economics

P7. 6 Optimal Input Mix. The First National Bank received 3,000 inquiries following the latest advertisement describing its 30-month IRA accounts in the Boston World, a local newspaper. The most recent ad in a similar advertising campaign in Massachusetts Business, a regional business magazine, generated 1,000 inquiries. Each newspaper ad costs $500, whereas each magazine ad costs $125. A. Assuming that additional ads would generate similar response rates, is the bank running an optimal mix of newspaper and magazine ads? Why or why not? No, the bank is not running an optimal mix of newspaper and magazine ads because the optimal combination would occur when MPn / Pn = MPm / Pm ? newspaper output: 3,000 / 500 = 6 and magazine output: 1,000 / 125 = 8. Therefore, amount spent on newspaper ads attracted 6 inquiries while amount spent on magazine ad attracted 8 inquiries. So to run an optimal mix of newspaper and magazine ads, the bank has to run more magazine ads and/ or fewer newspaper a ds. B. Holding all else equal, how many inquiries must a newspaper ad attract for the current advertising mix to be optimal? For the current advertising mix to be optimal, MPn / Pn = MPm / Pm therefore, to increase the newspaper output from 6 to 8, Find: MPn / 500 = 8 *500 ? MPn = 4,000 *500 So inquiries generated by newspaper ads would have to increase from 3,000 to 4,000. P7. 7 Marginal Revenue Product of Labor. To better serve customers interested in buying cars over the Internet, Smart Motors, Inc. , hired Nora Jones to respond to customer inquiries, offer price quotes, and write orders for leads generated by the company’s Web site. During last year, Jones averaged 1. 5 vehicle sales per week.On average, these vehicles sold for a retail price of $25,000 and brought the dealership a profit contribution of $1,000 each. A. Estimate Jones’ annual (50 workweek) marginal revenue product. oJones’ marginal revenue product can be found by the number of cars sold and the profit of each sale. MRPL = MPL * MRQ ? MRPL = (1. 5 * 50) * ($1,000) = $75,000 (Vehicles sales p/week * workweek) * (profit contribution) B. Jones earns a base salary of $60,000 per year, and Smart Motors pays an additional 28 percent of this base salary in taxes and various fringe benefits.Is Jones a profitable employee? oNo, Jones is not a profitable employee because her cost to be employed is $76,800 ($60,000 base salary + 28% of taxes and fringe benefits) and her marginal revenue product is only $75,000. Therefore, MRPL ($75,000) < PL ($76,800). This means that even though Jones brings in $75,000 additional profit it costs Smart Motors $76,800 to have her which means she brings $1,800 of marginal loss to Smart Motors. P7. 8 Optimal Input Level. Ticket Services, Inc. , offers ticket promotion and handling services for concerts and sporting events.The Sherman Oaks, California, branch office makes heavy use of spot radio advertising on WHAM-AM, with each 30-second ad costing $ 100. During the past year, the following relation between advertising and ticket sales per event has been observed: Sales (units) = 5,000 + 100A – 0. 5A2 ?Sales (units) / ? Advertising = 100 – A Here, A represents a 30-second radio spot ad, and sales are measured in numbers of tickets. Rachel Green, manager for the Sherman Oaks office, has been asked to recommend an appropriate level of advertising.In thinking about this problem, Green noted its resemblance to the optimal resource employment problem studied in a managerial economics course. The advertising/sales relation could be thought of as a production function, with advertising as an input and sales as the output. The problem is to determine the profit-maximizing level of employment for the input, advertising, in this â€Å"production† system. Green recognized that a measure of output value was needed to solve the problem.After reflection, Green determined that the value of output is $2 per ticket, the net marginal revenue earned by Ticket Services (price minus all marginal costs except advertising). A. Continuing with Green's production analogy, what is the marginal product of advertising? **Marginal Product measures additional output from one more unit of the variable input. ** oMPA = MS/MA = ? Sales (units) / ? Advertising (OR ? Q/? A) = 100 – A B. What is the rule for determining the optimal amount of a resource to employ in a production system? Explain the logic underlying this rule. The rule for determining the optimal amount of a resource to employ is: MRPA = PA (see slide 17) MPA * MRQ = PA (see slide 9) The above equation turns to: ?Q/? A * ? TR/? Q = ? TC/? A ?Q’s cancel each other out and the equation turns to: ?TR/? A = ? TC/? A This leads to Marginal Total Revenue (MTR) = Marginal Total Cost (MTC), which means the inflow = outflow. C. Using the rule for optimal resource employment, determine the profit-maximizing number of radio ads. oUsing the above equatio n MPA * MRQ = PA ? (100-A )* $2 = $100 $200-2A = $100 ? $100= 2A ? A=$50 P7. 9 Net Marginal Revenue.Crane, Poole & Schmidt, LLC, is a successful Boston-based law firm. Worker productivity at the firm is measured in billable hours, which vary between partners and associates. Partner time is billed to clients at a rate of $250 per hour, whereas associate time is billed at a rate of $125 per hour. On average, each partner generates 25 billable hours per 40-hour workweek, with 15 hours spent on promotion, administrative, and supervisory responsibilities. Associates generate an average of 35 billable hours per 40-hour workweek and spend 5 hours per week in administrative and training meetings.Variable overhead costs average 50 percent of revenues generated by partners and 60 percent of revenues generated by associates. A. Calculate the annual (50 workweek) net marginal revenue product of partners and associates. For Partners: oMRPP = MPP * MRQ ? MRPP = ($25 * 50) * ($250* 100% – 5 0%) = $156,250 (Billable hrs * workweek) * (rate billed * % overhead cost) For Associates: oMRPA = MPA * MRA ? MRPA = ($35 * 50) * ($125* 100% – 60%) = $87,500 (Billable hrs * workweek) * (rate billed * % overhead cost) Each marginal hour of effort by partner brings the firm $250 in revenue – $125 ($250 *50%) of variable costs, so a partner has a net marginal revue of $125 p/hr. ?Each marginal hour of effort by associate brings the firm $125 in revenue – $75($125 *60%) of variable costs, so a partner has a net marginal revue of $50 p/hr. Both of these reflect the marginal value of service output. B. If partners earn $175,000 and associates earn $70,000 per year, does the company have an optimal combination of partners and associates? If not, why not? Make your answer explicit and support any recommendations for change. Comparing partners marginal revenue products with their salary shows MRPP = $156,250 ; $175,000. This means that partners bring $18,750 ($175,000 -$156,250) marginal loss to the firm. oComparing associates marginal revenue products with their salary shows MRPA = $87,500 ; $70,000. This means that associates bring $17,500 ($87,500-$70,000) marginal profit to the firm. Therefore to help move the company to an optimal combination where profit is maximized, they will have to either reduce the number of partners or have a small increase in the number of associates.This can be done by expanding the number of associates until MRPA = $70,000. After this is done we can recalculate the MRPP to see if it has increased. If the new MRPP = $175,000, no other change needs to be made. Chapter 7 Power Point Problem Stereo Receivers. Do-It-Yourself, Inc. , sells budget-priced stereo receivers, in both kit and fully-assembled forms. Customers who assemble their own receivers benefit from the lower kit price of $100 per receiver. â€Å"Full-service† customers enjoy the luxury of an assembled receiver, but pay a higher price of $150 per re ceiver.Both kit and fully assembled receiver prices are stable. The company has observed the following relation between the numbers of assembly workers employed per day and assembled receiver output: Number of workersFinished receivers 00 18 214 318 420 521 A. )Construct a table showing the net marginal revenue product derived from assembly worker employment. Number of WorkersFinished receiversMarginal Product of Labor (MPL)Net Marginal Revenue Product of Labor (NMRPL) (1)(2)(3)(4) = (3) x $50 00N/AN/A 188$400 146$300 3184$200 4202$100 5211$50 B. )How many assemblers would Do-It-Yourself employ at a daily wage rate of $120? oDo-It-Yourself would employ 3 workers since from the table above, three workers NMRPL is $200 which is greater (;) than the $120 they would pay in wages. C. )What is the highest daily wage rate Do-It Yourself would pay to hire four assemblers per day? oTo hire four assemblers per day, the highest daily wage rate Do-It-Yourself should pay is $100 since thatâ€⠄¢s the NMRPL for the fourth worker. Managerial Economics Q1. In a country, the velocity of money is constant. Real GDP grows by 5% per year, the money stock by 14% per year, and the nominal interest rate is 11 per cent. What is the real interest rate? A. 1 The following is provided in the question GDP growth rate (Y)- 5% Money Stock growth rate (M)-14% Nominal Interest Rate- 11% Velocity Of Money- Constant Real Interest Rate = Nominal interest rate – Inflation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Fisher Effect By the quantity equation we have; M . V = P. YThe Quantity theory of Money assumes that V is constant and exogenous. Inflation= Change in the Money Growth- Change in the GDP Growth Using the above values Inflation= 14% – 5% = 9% Thus; Real Interest Rate = 11%- 9%= 2% Therefore the real interest rate is adjusted for inflation. Q. 2 Suppose a country has a money demand function (M/P)d = kY, where k is a constant parameter. The money supply grows by 12% per year, and real income grows by 4% per year. (a) What is the average inflation rate? b) How would inflation be different if real income growth were higher, say 6%? Explain. (c) Suppose, instead of a constant money demand function, the velocity of money in this economy was growing steadily, say by 2% per annum because of financial innovation. How would that affect the inflation rate? Explain. A. 2 The Money demand function (M/P)d = kY, where M/P = Real Money Balances k= money people wish to hold for each rupee of income and k= 1/V (a) Average Inflation Rate 12%- 4%= 8% b) If Y=6%, then Inflation is 12% – 6 %= 6% Inflation depends upon changes (in this increases) in the Money Supply and Real Income, which is given by the quantity theory of money. So if the money growth rate is greater than the real income growth rate it results in Inflation. In the (a) the money growth rate was 12% whereas real income growth rate is 4% so the Inflation rate is 8%, whereas in (b) the real income growth rate has increased to 6% and hence the inflat ion has rate has changed and decreased to 6%. c) The Velocity of money is not constant in this case as assumed in the Quantity theory of money. V=2% The Inflation would now therefore be determined as follows- Inflation rate = Change in Money Supply + Change in Velocity – Change in Real Income Inflation rate = 12% + 2% – 4%=10 % The Inflation in this case is highest and is equal to 10%, this is because the growth rate of money supply is greater than real income growth rate and also because the V is not a constant and hence the a unit of the money is being used 2% more.